Volume 15m vs 1m*Up/Down Volume Indicator
This indicator plots the 15m volume (black line) on the 1m chart alongside the sum of 1m volume for 15m (blue line).
This indicator allows us to see the raw data that will generate the 15m volume before it occurs.
Next it seperates up period volume (green line) from down period volume (red line) so that we can see how much of each was responsible for the total volume.
The black line will dance for 15m at a time but if the blue line rises above the locked in section of the black line (to the left), then the next 15m volume will be higher than the last.
Also, if the green line is higher than the red, we know that up volume is driving of the increase.
*Volume Sum Indicator
This indicator allows us to track the volume trend even when volume is near zero.
This indicators sums the 15m volume for 13 periods to represent 200 minutes worth of volume.
Then it plots the sum of 1m up volume for 200 periods and the 1m down volume for 200 periods.
When green is over red, the volume is trending up.
Blue is the total 1m volume for 200 periods. It should act as a resistance line since it is unusual for 100% of volume to be up volume or down volume.
This indicator only works on the 1m chart. The higher timeframe must be set to 15m. If anyone knows how to make this indicator work on any timeframe that would be great!
חפש סקריפטים עבור "Volume"
Volume SpikesShows volume spikes over a certain threshold, using a symbol's volume moving average as the baseline. Offers a few different filters regarding candle shapes and types, in an attempt to catch quick moves on extremely low timeframes (sub-1m).
Ultimately I would like to integrate this logic into an indicator that contains automated stop raid/inducement detection.
High volume zone█ OVERVIEW
Show high volume zone in a lower timeframe.
█ CONCEPTS
1- Choose an amount of volume (1 000 by default)
2- Choose a timeframe (1 minute by default)
3- It highlight every zone where volume was > 1000 in less than one minute
█ OTHER SECTIONS
Limitation:
- Unfortunately, I didn't find a way to make it in a lower timeframe than 1 minute with Pinescript
- It is truncate by minute so a high volume between two lower tf candles may not be count
If you have a solution for these, glad to hear it.
Volume Profile PremiumHello, my friends, this is a new fine-grained volume profile indicator. As is known to all, the volume profile indicator is a charting tool that shows how much volume has occurred at each price throughout the trading session. The volume profile indicates the prices favored by the market or those ignored by the market, which can give traders clues as to where prices are likely to go shortly.
(1) Indicator description
This indicator is based on the function "request.security_lower_tf". See the related usage note for details if you need it.
Support for obtaining volume from a lower timeframe than the current chart and calculating a more fine-grained volume distribution
Due to the increased complexity of the calculation, you need to set a reasonable timeframe to avoid calculation timeout.
(2) Key parameters
- Support/Resistance Clustering
Max of Lookback Forward: The maximum number of historical K-lines
Min Resolution (Minute): lower timeframe, unit: minute
Display Volume Profile: ways to display volume profile
Rows of Volume Profile: rows of volume profile
Placement of Volume Profile: location of volume profile
Width of Volume Profile: width of volume profile
Horizontal Offset: horizontal offset of volume profile
Happy trading, and enjoy your life!
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各位朋友大家好，这是一个具有更高细粒度的成交量分布指标。众所周知，成交量分布是一种图表分析工具（或指标），它显示了在整个交易时段内每个价格上发生了多少成交量。 成交量分布指出了受到市场青睐的价格以及被市场忽略的价格，这可以为交易者提供有关近期价格可能走向何方的线索。
(1) 指标说明
该指标基于 request.security_lower_tf 函数，详情可以查看相关使用说明
支持从比当前图表分辨率更低的时间周期获取成交量，并计算更加细粒度的成交量分布
由于增加了计算复杂度，您需要设置合理的时间周期以避免计算超时
(2) 关键参数
- Volume Profile Parameters
Max of Lookback Forward: 用于统计成交量分布的最大回顾的K线数量
Min Resolution (Minute): 细粒度的时间周期
Display Volume Profile: 展示成交量分布的方式
Rows of Volume Profile: 成交量分布的行数
Placement of Volume Profile: 成交量分布的位置
Width of Volume Profile: 成交量分布的宽度
Horizontal Offset: 成交量分布的水平偏移
祝大家交易愉快
Volume OximeterOVERVIEW
The Volume Oximeter (VOXI) is a technical indicator that gauges the amount of volume currently present in the market, relative to the historical volume that was present before. The purpose of this indicator is to filter out with-trend signals during ranging/non-trending conditions.
CONCEPTS
This indicator assumes that trends are more likely to start during periods of high volume, compared to during periods of low volume. This is because high volume indicates that there are bigger players currently in the market, which is necessary to begin a sustained trending move.
So, to determine whether the current volume is "high", it is compared to an average volume for however number of candles back the user specifies.
If the current volume is greater than the average volume, it is reasonable to assume we are in a high volume period. Thus, this is the ideal time to enter a trending trade due to the assumption that trends are more likely to start during these high volume periods.
The default values in the indicator are designed for use on the daily chart but can be applied to any timeframe.
The default volume lookback period is 259 since there are usually 259 daily candles in a year on Forex daily charts. This means that the average volume will represent the average volume over the past year. This would be 365 on Crypto daily charts, since the Crypto is open 24/7 instead of 24/5). This is what the current volume will be compared to.
The default smoothing lookback period is 10, but this can be adjusted depending on the indicator that's giving you your with-trend signals. After my backtesting, 10 was the best value for my with-trend indicator, so you should do your own testing to see which value works best with your with-trend indicator.
HOW DO I READ THIS INDICATOR?
If the VOXI line is above or equal to zero (indicated by the blue color), the current volume is greater than the historical average volume.
This is a good time to take with-trend signals since high volume is necessary for sustained trending moves to begin.
If the VOXI line is below zero (indicated by the red color), the current volume is less than the historical average volume.
This is a good time to ignore with-trend signals since an absence of volume indicates that there aren't big market participants to participate in a new trending move.
Volume Filtered *All Candlestick Patterns* [KT] Hello!
This script uses TradingView's *All Candlestick Patterns* indicator and includes a volume filter.
The frequency of each candlestick pattern is recorded in addition to the subsequent session's outcome - higher or lower close.
The requisite volume for the pattern is configurable; formations will not be distinguished when volume is less than the defined lower threshold.
For example, setting the volume threshold to 10% forces the script to identify candlestick patterns in which volume for the session (candle) is 10% greater than the volume moving average. All candlestick patterns with volume less than (1.10 * volume MA) are discounted.
The script counts the frequency of each pattern - the number of times the pattern occurred - in addition to the next candle's outcome.
Pertinent statistics are displayed in the table, which can be hidden.
I plan on working on the script quite a bit more; please comment a suggestion if you have one! What else should be included?
Uniform Volume ProfileUniform Volume Profile
The volume of a single candlestick is uniformly distributed by its range (high - low) along all the colliding volume profile bars.
For example, if a 10% of a candlestick intersects some volume bar (horizontal line) only the 10% of that candlestick volume will contribute to that profile.
Volumetric colored candles with matching pivot point linesCandles are split into 10 categories based on their volume, and can be changed in the options. By default and in the images, white is very high volume, reds are high volume, yellows are medium volume, greens are low and dark-grey is very low.
Adjustments for scale are included in the options. The Magnitude option is a 10x multiplier, so 1=10, 2=100, 3=1000, etc., up to 9. There is also a Multiplier selection option where 1=1, 2=2, 3=3, 4=4, etc.
To attenuate for a given chart, these multipliers will need to be changed. In general, all white means you need to increase the Magnitude and all dark-grey means you need to decrease the magnitude. Somewhere between those two, the Multiplier can be used for further calibration. All this color coating is relational, like a spectrum. As you adjust you will see them maintaining their proportions as the candles switch color (ex. green become yellow while yellow becomes red).
I have also included pivot lines that follow the same logic for color coding. Two options exist for adjusting the pivot high and pivot low points respectively. They do not always correspond to the exact color of the candle producing them, but they should be a rough average (ie. red and green bars making yellow lines). They make for good indicators of how much liquidity may be at a certain support/resistance level. The lines can also be turned off altogether.
If your candles aren't looking right, go to settings of both regular candles and heikin-ashi, and uncheck both border and wick.
I still have some code to clean up and I plan on expanding upon this study. If you like my work consider tipping!
Simple Volume Oscillator (SVO), by @BlueJayBirdSimple Volume Oscillator, or SVO. I came up with this idea while studying Spread Volume Analysis (SVA). It uses the Trading View's built-in RSI function to simplify volume values for further interpretation.
// -------------------- ENGLISH, Inglés
How to Use:
- When there's little volume activity, expect the oscillator to be closer to the zero line.
- Wait for a probable sudden increment up to close 100 when volume enters into the market.
- It works pretty much as a volatility oscillator, but it eliminates the noise of the price, and the noise of the volume bars, always so vertical and linear, which sometimes are hard to understand at first glance.
- As any oscillator, it suffers from some lagging when compared to the price action, but for the most part is pretty accurate.
- Remember the cyclical nature of markets: If things are quite, something is coming.
- NOTE: The oscillator WILL NOT indicate market direction, that bias is up to the analyst to find out.
- Like. Follow. Comment.
// -------------------- SPANISH, Español
Cómo usar:
- Cuando hay poca actividad de volumen, el oscilador debería estar cercano a cero.
- Esperá por un posible incremento repentino hasta 100 cuando entre volumen en el mercado.
- Funciona de manera similar a un oscilador de volatilidad, pero elimina cualquier ruido del precio, y el ruido de las barras de volumen, siempre tan verticales y lineales, lo que las hace difícil de descifrar a simple vista.
- Como cualquier oscilador, sufre de un ligero retraso respecto de la acción del precio, pero por lo demás, es bastante preciso.
- Recordá la naturaleza cíclica de los mercados: Si las cosas están quietas, es porque algo está por suceder.
- NOTA: Este oscilador NO VA A decirte qué dirección va a seguir el precio; eso es algo que vas a tener que descubrir por tu cuenta.
- Like, seguí, comentá.
Up/Down Volume RatioUp/Down Volume Ratio is calculated by summing volume on days when it closes up and divide that total by the volume on days when the stock closed down.
High volume up days are typically a sign of accumulation(buying) by big players, while down days are signs of distribution(selling) by big market players. The Up Down volume ratio takes this assumption and turns it into a tangible number that's easier for the trader to understand. My formula is calculated using the past 50 periods, be warned it will not display a value for stocks with under 50 periods of trading history. This indicator is great for identify accumulation of growth stocks early on in their moves, most of the time you would like a growth stocks U/D value to be above 2, showing institutional sponsorship of a stock.
Up/Down Volume value interpretation:
U/D < 1 -> Bearish outlook, as sellers are in control
U/D = 1 -> Sellers and Buyers are equal
U/D > 1 -> Bullish outlook, as buyers are in control
U/D > 2 -> Bullish outlook, significant accumulation underway by market makers
U/D >= 3 -> MONSTER STOCK ALERT, market makers can not get enough of this stock and are ravenous to buy more
U/D values greater than 2 are rare and typically do not last very long, and U/D >= 3 are extremely rare one example I kind find of a stock's U/D peaking above 3 was Google back in 2005.
MAKE SURE TO HIT THE SETTINGS WHEEL AND CHECK THE BOX NEXT TO PLOT IN ORDER TO GET RID OF THE PLOTTED LINE.
Open-source Buy and Sell VolumeVersión open source de scripts anteriores / Open source version of previous scripts
Confío en que esta vez no esté violando ninguna de las reglas...
A pesar de que el volumen simplemente son operaciones que se realizan en un determinado espacio de tiempo, este indicador intenta separar dentro de una vela el volumen de compra y de venta.
Una vez separado el volumen de cada vela el indicador se calcula en base a la media simple (larga) menos la media exponencial (corta)
Los puntos azules indican posibles zonas de soporte o resistencia.
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Although the volume is simply operations carried out in a certain period of time, this indicator tries to separate the long and short volume into a candle.
Once the volume of each candle is separated, the indicator is calculated based on the simple average (long length) minus the exponential average (short length)
The blue dots indicate possible areas of support or resistance.
Day's Buy Sell Volume label
This indicator looks simple but it was bit tricky to code and to make it work on all time frames .
I have used array in this to showcase the use of array, array give you more flexibly.
It works on all time frame 1m 2m 3m 5m 10m 15m 30m 60m 120m.
When the time frame is greater than the or equal to "D" it will show the current bar volume only.
Total volume is made up of buying volume and selling volume. Buying volume is the number of shares, contracts, or lots that were associated with buying trades, and selling volume is the number that were associated with selling trades.
This indicator shows two labels green one is showing the buying volume of the current day and the red label is showing the selling volume of the current day.
I am making this code available to all.
This code is for Total volume is made up of buying volume and selling volume. Buying volume is the number of shares,
contracts, or lots that were associated with buying trades, and selling volume is the number that were associated with selling trades.
//thanks to @Doc6272 who asked to make this indicator Label
Attributable VolumeA volume indicator which calculates "Attributable Volume”, the portion of volume which contributed to the direction in which the candle moved.
Attributable Volume is calculated as: Total volume excluding the "counter wick" volume.
Where for a green (up) candle, the "counter wick" volume is the top wick volume.
In theory, Attributable Volume should better represent the effort of directional thrust of each candle.
By default, this indicator displays “Attributable RVOL”, but can be set to:
Attributable RVOL
RVOL
Attributable Volume
Volume
Note: RVOL = Relative Volume, the current volume divided by the Volume moving average. RVOL can be used to identify major moves, and potential starts/ends to trends.
VSA VolumeVolume indicator judging level of volume per bar accordingly to Volume Spread Analysis rules. It allows either to set static volume levels or dynamic ones based on ratio comparable to Moving Average. Bars are coloured based on ratio or static levels, visually presenting level of Volume (low, average, high, ultra high).
Relative Volume RVOL AlertsRelative Volume or RVOL is an indicator used to help determine the amount of volume change over a given period of time.
It is often used to help traders determine how in-play a ticker is.
General rule of thumb is the higher the RVOL, the more in play a stock is.
I myself like to use it as a substitute of the volume indicator itself.
Basic Calculation:
Relative Volume = Current Volume / Average Volume
Crossover Signals:
Any time there is a volume spike which causes a crossover of the user set 'Smoothed Moving Average' or 'Threshold' a green/red dot will appear at the top. The color of the dot is dependent on closing of the candle. Therefore it does not necessarily mean price will continue in that direction since volume spikes often happen in peaks or valleys.
Threshold:
The level at which custom alerts and signal can be set. The higher the value, the more volume required to trigger.
Built in Alerts:
You can set custom alerts for the crossovers of the adjustable threshold, or the average RVOL band.
[Xzhi] Net VolumeUse net volume to find areas of reversal. This is not meant to be used on its own, and requires others tools, but it is helpful in identifying possible points of entry. Area's with lots of market participants could signify a reversal, depending on the positions entered.
Edit the source code to suit the currency pair you are trading.
Highest Volume Index by ParaticaIt's an algorithm used in Paratica. It shows volume based volatility.
Ord Volume [LucF]Tim Ord came up with the Ord Volume concept. The idea is similar to Weis Wave , except that where Weis Wave keeps a cumulative tab of each wave’s successive volume columns, Ord Volume tracks the wave's average volume .
Features
You can choose to distinguish the area’s colors when the average is rising/falling (default).
You can show an EMA of the wave averages, which is different than an EMA on raw volume.
You can show (default) the last wave’s ending average over the current wave, to help in comparing relative levels.
You can change the length of the trend that needs to be broken for a new wave to start, as well as the price used in trend detection.
Use Cases
As with Weis Wave, what I look at first are three characteristics of the waves: their length, height and slope. I then compare those to the corresponding price movements, looking for discrepancies. For example, consecutive bearish waves of equal strength associated with lesser and lesser price movements are often a good indication of an impeding reversal.
Because Ord Volume uses average rather than cumulative volume, I find it is often easier to distinguish what is going on during waves, especially exhaustion at the end of waves.
Tim Ord has a method for entries and exits where he uses Ord Volume in conjunction with tests of support and resistance levels. Here are two articles published in 2004 where Ord explains his technique:
pr.b5z.net
n.b5z.net
Note
Being dependent on volume information as it is currently available in Pine, which does not include a practical way to retrieve delta volume information, the indicator suffers the same lack of precision as most other Pine-built volume indicators. For those not aware of the issue, the problem is that there is no way to distinguish the buying and selling volume (delta volume) in a bar, other than by looping through inside intervals using the security() function, which for me makes performance unsustainable in day to day use, while only providing an approximation of delta volume.
Accumulation/Distribution Volume (ADV) [cI8DH]This is the simplified and optimized version of my original ADV indicator. It shows both regular volume bars and the accumulated/distributed (A/D) portion of them. The equation is elegant and intuitive. It calculates candle body to candle height ratio and multiplies it by volume: volume*(close-open)/(high-low). This is the building block of my three other indicators, ADL, ADP and ADMF.
- The volume bars has two shades of green and red. The dark shade shows amount of A/D and the light shade shows total volume (what you see on a regular volume indicator).
When money volume is enabled, volume is multiplied by price. As you can see in the chart below, trade volume in terms of USD was growing over the past years.
- Blue line is the moving average of A/D and the orange line is for total volume. When "Baseline Chart" option is enabled, this moving average is identical to ADMF indicator which can be a powerful indicator for assessing buy/sell pressure as well as money flow and volume divergences. You can turn off volume bars (from style menu) for better visibility or you can use the below indicators.
Please note that ADMF is now available as a part of ADP indicator as well and I recommend using the latter since ADP can also replace CMF and MFI indicators.
- If you change the aggregation to cumulative (while having money volume disabled), the gray line becomes identical to On Balance Volume (OBV) and the blue line identical to my ADL indicator. The latter I would argue is more accurate than Chaikin's ADL, William's A/D and OBV.
Smart VolumeOut of beta!
This script distinguishes up/down volume based on lower resolution.
It's important to set correct input "Detailed Resolution" — it affects detalization/loading speed. If equal to chart resolution, should match builtin "volume". The lower it is, the more detalized up/down border.
Smart Volume (beta)This script distinguishes up/down volume based on lower resolution.
It's important to set correct inputs. Second - affects detalisation/loading speed. Third one needs to be set according to your chart resolution. 1440 for 'D', 30 for '30'.
Volume Based Sampling [BackQuant]Volume Based Sampling
What this does
This indicator converts the usual time-based stream of candles into an event-based stream of “synthetic” bars that are created only when enough trading activity has occurred . You choose the activity definition:
Volume bars : create a new synthetic bar whenever the cumulative number of shares/contracts traded reaches a threshold.
Dollar bars : create a new synthetic bar whenever the cumulative traded dollar value (price × volume) reaches a threshold.
The script then keeps an internal ledger of these synthetic opens, highs, lows, closes, and volumes, and can display them as candles, plot a moving average calculated over the synthetic closes, mark each time a new sample is formed, and optionally overlay the native time-bars for comparison.
Why event-based sampling matters
Markets do not release information on a clock: activity clusters during news, opens/closes, and liquidity shocks. Event-based bars normalize for that heteroskedastic arrival of information: during active periods you get more bars (finer resolution); during quiet periods you get fewer bars (coarser resolution). Research shows this can reduce microstructure pathologies and produce series that are closer to i.i.d. and more suitable for statistical modeling and ML. In particular:
Volume and dollar bars are a common event-time alternative to time bars in quantitative research and are discussed extensively in Advances in Financial Machine Learning (AFML). These bars aim to homogenize information flow by sampling on traded size or value rather than elapsed seconds.
The Volume Clock perspective models market activity in “volume time,” showing that many intraday phenomena (volatility, liquidity shocks) are better explained when time is measured by traded volume instead of seconds.
Related market microstructure work on flow toxicity and liquidity highlights that the risk dealers face is tied to information intensity of order flow, again arguing for activity-based clocks.
How the indicator works (plain English)
Choose your bucket type
Volume : accumulate volume until it meets a threshold.
Dollar Bars : accumulate close × volume until it meets a dollar threshold.
Pick the threshold rule
Dynamic threshold : by default, the script computes a rolling statistic (mean or median) of recent activity to set the next bucket size. This adapts bar size to changing conditions (e.g., busier sessions produce more frequent synthetic bars).
Fixed threshold : optionally override with a constant target (e.g., exactly 100,000 contracts per synthetic bar, or $5,000,000 per dollar bar).
Build the synthetic bar
While a bucket fills, the script tracks:
o_s: first price of the bucket (synthetic open)
h_s: running maximum price (synthetic high)
l_s: running minimum price (synthetic low)
c_s: last price seen (synthetic close)
v_s: cumulative native volume inside the bucket
d_samples: number of native bars consumed to complete the bucket (a proxy for “how fast” the threshold filled)
Emit a new sample
Once the bucket meets/exceeds the threshold, a new synthetic bar is finalized and stored. If overflow occurs (e.g., a single native bar pushes you past the threshold by a lot), the code will emit multiple synthetic samples to account for the extra activity.
Maintain a rolling history efficiently
A ring buffer can overwrite the oldest samples when you hit your Max Stored Samples cap, keeping memory usage stable.
Compute synthetic-space statistics
The script computes an SMA over the last N synthetic closes and basic descriptors like average bars per synthetic sample, mean and standard deviation of synthetic returns, and more. These are all in event time , not clock time.
Inputs and options you will actually use
Data Settings
Sampling Method : Volume or Dollar Bars.
Rolling Lookback : window used to estimate the dynamic threshold from recent activity.
Filter : Mean or Median for the dynamic threshold. Median is more robust to spikes.
Use Fixed? / Fixed Threshold : override dynamic sizing with a constant target.
Max Stored Samples : cap on synthetic history to keep performance snappy.
Use Ring Buffer : turn on to recycle storage when at capacity.
Indicator Settings
SMA over last N samples : moving average in synthetic space . Because its index is sample count, not minutes, it adapts naturally: more updates in busy regimes, fewer in quiet regimes.
Visuals
Show Synthetic Bars : plot the synthetic OHLC candles.
Candle Color Mode :
Green/Red: directional close vs open
Volume Intensity: opacity scales with synthetic size
Neutral: single color
Adaptive: graded by how large the bucket was relative to threshold
Mark new samples : drop a small marker whenever a new synthetic bar prints.
Comparison & Research
Show Time Bars : overlay the native time-based candles to visually compare how the two sampling schemes differ.
How to read it, step by step
Turn on “Synthetic Bars” and optionally overlay “Time Bars.” You will see that during high-activity bursts, synthetic bars print much faster than time bars.
Watch the synthetic SMA . Crosses in synthetic space can be more meaningful because each update represents a roughly comparable amount of traded information.
Use the “Avg Bars per Sample” in the info table as a regime signal. Falling average bars per sample means activity is clustering, often coincident with higher realized volatility.
Try Dollar Bars when price varies a lot but share count does not; they normalize by dollar risk taken in each sample. Volume Bars are ideal when share count is a better proxy for information flow in your instrument.
Quant finance background and citations
Event time vs. clock time : Easley, López de Prado, and O’Hara advocate measuring intraday phenomena on a volume clock to better align sampling with information arrival. This framing helps explain volatility bursts and liquidity droughts and motivates volume-based bars.
Flow toxicity and dealer risk : The same authors show how adverse selection risk changes with the intensity and informativeness of order flow, further supporting activity-based clocks for modeling and risk management.
AFML framework : In Advances in Financial Machine Learning , event-driven bars such as volume, dollar, and imbalance bars are presented as superior sampling units for many ML tasks, yielding more stationary features and fewer microstructure distortions than fixed time bars. ( Alpaca )
Practical use cases
1) Regime-aware moving averages
The synthetic SMA in event time is not fooled by quiet periods: if nothing of consequence trades, it barely updates. This can make trend filters less sensitive to calendar drift and more sensitive to true participation.
2) Breakout logic on “equal-information” samples
The script exposes simple alerts such as breakout above/below the synthetic SMA . Because each bar approximates a constant amount of activity, breakouts are conditioned on comparable informational mass, not arbitrary time buckets.
3) Volatility-adaptive backtests
If you use synthetic bars as your base data stream, most signal rules become self-paced : entry and exit opportunities accelerate in fast markets and slow down in quiet regimes, which often improves the realism of slippage and fill modeling in research pipelines (pair this indicator with strategy code downstream).
4) Regime diagnostics
Avg Bars per Sample trending down: activity is dense; expect larger realized ranges.
Return StdDev (synthetic) rising: noise or trend acceleration in event time; re-tune risk.
Interpreting the info panel
Method : your sampling choice and current threshold.
Total Samples : how many synthetic bars have been formed.
Current Vol/Dollar : how much of the next bucket is already filled.
Bars in Bucket : native bars consumed so far in the current bucket.
Avg Bars/Sample : lower means higher trading intensity.
Avg Return / Return StdDev : return stats computed over synthetic closes .
Research directions you can build from here
Imbalance and run bars
Extend beyond pure volume or dollar thresholds to imbalance bars that trigger on directional order flow imbalance (e.g., buy volume minus sell volume), as discussed in the AFML ecosystem. These often further homogenize distributional properties used in ML. alpaca.markets
Volume-time indicators
Re-compute classical indicators (RSI, MACD, Bollinger) on the synthetic stream. The premise is that signals are updated by traded information , not seconds, which may stabilize indicator behavior in heteroskedastic regimes.
Liquidity and toxicity overlays
Combine synthetic bars with proxies of flow toxicity to anticipate spread widening or volatility clustering. For instance, tag synthetic bars that surpass multiples of the threshold and test whether subsequent realized volatility is elevated.
Dollar-risk parity sampling for portfolios
Use dollar bars to align samples across assets by notional risk, enabling cleaner cross-asset features and comparability in multi-asset models (e.g., correlation studies, regime clustering). AFML discusses the benefits of event-driven sampling for cross-sectional ML feature engineering.
Microstructure feature set
Compute duration in native bars per synthetic sample , range per sample , and volume multiple of threshold as inputs to state classifiers or regime HMMs . These features are inherently activity-aware and often predictive of short-horizon volatility and trend persistence per the event-time literature. ( Alpaca )
Tips for clean usage
Start with dynamic thresholds using Median over a sensible lookback to avoid outlier distortion, then move to Fixed thresholds when you know your instrument’s typical activity scale.
Compare time bars vs synthetic bars side by side to develop intuition for how your market “breathes” in activity time.
Keep Max Stored Samples reasonable for performance; the ring buffer avoids memory creep while preserving a rolling window of research-grade data.
