Uber Dank CCI + Captain Beefheart Bollinger Bands ExtraordinareIntroducing, the Uber Dank CCI + Captain Beefheart Bollinger Bands Extraordinaire
Its bollinger bands, CCI and CCI Bollinger Bands all in one.
The color of the CCI shows the condition of the bollinger band on chart.
Close > upper band = red
Close > basis = yellow
Close < basis = blue
Close < lower band = green
Then a bollinger band is printed on the CCI itself,
The background color displays the condition of the CCI bollinger band by the same logic as the CCI color.
CCI > upper band = red
CCI > basis = yellow
CCI < basis = blue
CCI < lower band = green
The exclamation marks tell you when the conditions are coming to an end. They check the last two bars to see if both the CCI and the closing price are under their bollinger bands at the same time for at least one of those bars, and they check the current bar that at least one of those conditions has ended. That is why they will most often print two exclamation marks in a row.
חפש סקריפטים עבור "CCI"
HTC peppermint_07 CCI w signal + s&r RSI
This CCI version enhances the traditional Commodity Channel Index (CCI) by integrating a dynamically calculated Relative Strength Index (RSI) that acts as support and resistance as shown in the screenshot, it can add as a confirmation to the divergence found in the CCI.
Key Features:
Enhanced CCI: The primary plot (black line but customizable) represents the standard CCI, providing insight into price momentum and potential overbought/oversold conditions.
Dynamic RSI Support/Resistance: The upper and lower bands (medium cyan line) are derived from a smoothed RSI, dynamically adjusting to the current market volatility. These bands serve as potential support and resistance levels for the CCI as additional confirmation for the divergence.
Overbought/Oversold Zones: The traditional overbought (+100) and oversold (-100) levels for CCI are marked with horizontal dotted lines.
Benefits:
Improved Entry/Exit Signals: Combining CCI with dynamic RSI support/resistance may offer more precise trading signals compared to using CCI alone.
Dynamic Adaptation: The RSI-based bands adapt to changing market conditions, potentially providing more relevant support and resistance levels.
Divergence Confirmation: dynamic s&r RSI adds confluence to potential trend reversals identified by the CCI.
Potential Usage:
Traders might use this indicator to:
Identify potential overbought/oversold conditions using the CCI and its relationship to the dynamic RSI bands.
Look for breakouts beyond the dynamic support/resistance levels as potential entry points.
Confirm potential trend reversals using RSI divergence (cyan and red label above divergence) signals.
Further Development Considerations:
Customizable Parameters: Allowing users to adjust the CCI length, RSI periods, and smoothing factors would enhance flexibility.
Alert Conditions: Adding alerts for breakouts, overbought/oversold conditions, and divergence signals would improve usability.
Backtesting: Thoroughly backtesting the indicator's performance across different assets and timeframes is essential before using it for live trading.
DISCLAIMER: !!
indicator is a custom technical analysis tool designed for educational and informational purposes only. It should not be construed as financial advice or a recommendation to buy or sell any security. Trading involves substantial risk of loss and may not be suitable for all investors.
Key Points to Consider:
No Guarantee of Profitability: The indicator's past performance is not indicative of future results. No trading strategy can guarantee profits or eliminate the risk of losses. You could lose some or all of your investment.
Use at Your Own Risk: Use of this indicator is solely at your own discretion and risk. You are responsible for your trading decisions. The developers and distributors of this indicator are not liable for any losses incurred as a result of using it.
Not Financial Advice: This indicator does not provide financial advice. Consult with a qualified financial advisor before making any investment decisions.
Backtesting Limitations: Backtested results, if presented, should be viewed with caution. Past performance may not reflect future results due to various factors, including changing market conditions and the limitations of backtesting methodologies.
Indicator Limitations: Technical indicators, including this one, are not perfect. They can generate false signals, and their effectiveness can vary depending on market conditions and the specific parameters used.
Parameter Optimization: Optimizing indicator parameters for past performance can lead to overfitting, which may not translate to future profitability.
No Warranty: The indicator is provided "as is" without any warranty of any kind, either express or implied, including but not limited to warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, or non-infringement.
Changes and Updates: The developers may make changes or updates to the indicator without notice.
By using the "HTC peppermint_07 CCI w signal + s&r RSI" indicator, you acknowledge and agree to the terms of this disclaimer. If you do not agree with these terms, do not use the indicator.
[blackcat] L1 Multi-Component CCIOVERVIEW
The " L1 Multi-Component CCI" is a sophisticated technical indicator designed to analyze market trends and momentum using multiple components of the Commodity Channel Index (CCI). This script calculates and combines various CCI-related metrics to provide a comprehensive view of price action, offering traders deeper insights into market dynamics. By integrating smoothed deviations, normalized ranges, and standard CCI values, this tool aims to enhance decision-making processes. It is particularly useful for identifying potential reversal points and confirming trend strength. 📈
FEATURES
Multi-Component CCI Calculation: Combines smoothed deviation, normalized range, percent above low, and standard CCI for a holistic analysis, providing a multifaceted view of market conditions.
Threshold Lines: Overbought (200), oversold (-200), bullish (100), and bearish (-100) thresholds are plotted for easy reference, helping traders quickly identify extreme market conditions.
Visual Indicators: Each component is plotted with distinct colors and line styles for clear differentiation, making it easier to interpret the data at a glance.
Customizable Alerts: The script includes commented-out buy and sell signal logic that can be enabled for automated trading notifications, allowing traders to set up alerts based on specific conditions. 🚀
Advanced Calculations: Utilizes a combination of simple moving averages (SMA) and exponential moving averages (EMA) to smooth out price data, enhancing the reliability of the indicator.
HOW TO USE
Apply the Script: Add the script to your chart on TradingView by searching for " L1 Multi-Component CCI" in the indicators section.
Observe the Plotted Lines: Pay close attention to the smoothed deviation, normalized range, percent above low, and standard CCI lines to identify potential overbought or oversold conditions.
Use Threshold Levels: Refer to the overbought, oversold, bullish, and bearish threshold lines to gauge extreme market conditions and potential reversal points.
Confirm Trends: Use the standard CCI line to confirm trend direction and momentum shifts, providing additional confirmation for your trading decisions.
Enable Alerts: If desired, uncomment the buy and sell signal logic to receive automated alerts when specific conditions are met, helping you stay informed even when not actively monitoring the chart. ⚠️
LIMITATIONS
Fixed Threshold Levels: The script uses fixed threshold levels (200, -200, 100, -100), which may need adjustment based on specific market conditions or asset volatility.
No Default Signals: The buy and sell signal logic is currently commented out, requiring manual activation if you wish to use automated alerts.
Complexity: The multi-component approach, while powerful, may be complex for novice traders to interpret, requiring a solid understanding of technical analysis concepts. 📉
Not for Isolation Use: This indicator is not designed for use in isolation; it is recommended to combine it with other tools and indicators for confirmation and a more robust analysis.
NOTES
Smoothing Techniques: The script uses a combination of simple moving averages (SMA) and exponential moving averages (EMA) for smoothing calculations, which helps in reducing noise and enhancing signal clarity.
Multi-Component Approach: The multi-component approach aims to provide a more nuanced view of market conditions compared to traditional CCI, offering a more comprehensive analysis.
Customization Potential: Traders can customize the script further by adjusting the parameters of the moving averages and other components to better suit their trading style and preferences. ✨
THANKS
Thanks to the TradingView community for their support and feedback on this script! Special thanks to those who contributed ideas and improvements, making this tool more robust and user-friendly. 🙏
ADX + CCI + MA - Uncle SamStrategy Name: ADX + CCI + MA - Uncle Sam
Overview
This strategy aims to capitalize on trending markets by combining the Average Directional Index (ADX), Commodity Channel Index (CCI), and a customizable Moving Average (MA). It's designed for traders seeking a balanced approach to both long (buy) and short (sell) opportunities. Special thanks to the creators of the ADX and CCI indicators for their invaluable contributions to technical analysis.
Strategy Concept
The core idea is to identify strong trends with the ADX, confirm potential entry points with the CCI, and use the MA to filter trades in the direction of the broader trend. This approach seeks to avoid entering positions during periods of consolidation or when the trend is weak.
Indicator Logic
ADX (Average Directional Index): The ADX measures the strength of a trend, regardless of its direction. A value above the customizable adx_threshold (default 20) signals a strong trend, making it a prime environment for this strategy.
CCI (Commodity Channel Index): The CCI is a momentum oscillator that helps identify overbought (above 100) and oversold (below -100) conditions. We use CCI crossovers to time entries in the direction of the prevailing trend.
MA (Moving Average): The MA acts as a trend filter, ensuring we only enter trades aligned with the overall market direction. You have flexibility in choosing the MA type (SMA, EMA, etc.) and its length to suit your trading style and timeframe.
Entry Conditions
Long (Buy):
ADX is above the adx_threshold.
CCI crosses above 100.
Price is above the chosen Moving Average (if MA trend filtering is enabled).
Short (Sell):
ADX is above the adx_threshold.
CCI crosses below -100.
Price is below the chosen Moving Average (if MA trend filtering is enabled).
Exit Conditions
Stop Loss (SL): Each position has a customizable stop-loss percentage to manage risk. The default setting is 1%.
Take Profit (TP): Each position has a customizable take-profit percentage to secure gains. The default setting is 5%.
MA-Based Risk Management (Optional): This feature allows for early exits if the price closes against the MA trend for a specified number of candles. The default setting is 2 candles.
Default Settings
CCI Period: 15
ADX Length: 10
ADX Threshold: 20
MA Type: HMA
MA Length: 200
MA Source: Close
Commission Fee: $0.0
A commission fee is not added, add your trading/platform commission for realistic trading costs.
Backtest Results
The strategy has been backtested on with the default settings and a starting capital of $1000, with 0.0% commission fee. It shows promising results.
Disclaimer: Backtesting is hypothetical and does not guarantee future performance.
Important Considerations:
Customization: The strategy offers extensive customization to tailor it to your preferences. Experiment with different parameters and settings to find what works best for your trading style.
Risk Management: Always use proper risk management techniques, including position sizing and stop losses, to protect your capital.
Quad CCI ContainmentThe Quad CCI is a trend identification indicator described by Mark Whistler in his book 'Volatility Illuminated'. The reason for using four separate CCI channels is so that we can:
Prevent ourselves from taking positions against momentum.
Time our trades with short-term 'wrist-rocket' thrust from the larger market momentum.
Clearly determine whether the trend is up, down, or sideways.
In his book, Whistler refers to four CCI channels as 'The Four Horsemen'. The 100 and 200 are like big burly swordsmen, which are hard to budge without significant force. The 50-period CCI is more like the guy who's fast on his feet, but still tough enough to take on the big dudes. And the 14-period is similar to the scout of the party. The fastest of the bunch, but also the first to turn-tail at any sign of danger.
Basically, this means that when we see the 100 and 200-CCI stay above the 0 line, we can infer there really isn't any reason for them to move out of their range. The 50-period CCI will sometimes venture over the 0-line, before the hefty battlers. However, the 14-period will often venture (quickly) way out into the yonder, and he will always return to tell his pals what he's found. Crossing back over the 100-line, traders can take 'rocket trend reentry' positions (usually on the median); however, we still want to keep an eye on the flighty 14-period CCI character. If he crosses back over the +100 or -100 level he was just scouting, it means the larger weighted CCI lines could soon to follow too, as the whole bunch runs from larger momentum on the way.
Traders seeking to take a position 'with the trend' can attempt to purchase pullbacks on the mean if:
Longer-term CCI (at least the 200 and 100) are above zero.
The 50-period CCI is not below -100.
The 14-period travels back up from underneath the -100 area.
AP_Ultimate CCI MTF v5**AP Ultimate CCI Multi-Timeframe Indicator**
*Track Commodity Channel Index trends across multiple timeframes in one view!*
**Overview:**
Adapted from ChrisMoody's popular RSI MTF concept, this enhanced version brings powerful multi-timeframe analysis to the CCI indicator. Perfect for traders who want to confirm trends across different time horizons without switching charts.
**Key Features:**
📈 **Dual CCI Analysis**
- Primary CCI (Default: 1H) + Secondary CCI (Default: 4H)
- Fully customizable timeframes for both indicators
- Independent length settings (14-50 periods recommended)
🚦 **Visual Trading Signals**
- Automatic Buy/Sell markers on crossovers
- 🟢 **B** Signals: When CCI crosses above -100 (Oversold reversal)
- 🔴 **S** Signals: When CCI crosses below +100 (Overbought reversal)
- Clean triangular markers at chart edges for clear visibility
🎨 **Customizable Visuals**
- Adjustable overbought/oversold levels (Default: ±100)
- Background highlights for extreme zones
- Modern color schemes with transparency control
- Optional zero line display
⚙️ **Technical Specs**
- Built in Pine Script v6
- Non-repainting calculations
- Timeframe-aware alerts support
- Optimized for all asset classes
**How to Use (my use case):**
1. Apply to 15M-4H charts for intraday trading
2. Default setup: Compare 1H vs 4H CCI
3. Look for confluence between timeframes:
- Strong trend = Both CCIs moving in same direction
- Reversal signal = Crossovers with volume confirmation
4. Combine with price action or support/resistance
**Why this Indicator:**
✅ Eliminates manual timeframe switching
✅ Identifies hidden divergences between time horizons
✅ Works equally well for stocks, forex, and crypto
✅ Perfect for momentum and mean-reversion strategies
*Pro Tip: Pair with volume indicators and moving averages for enhanced confirmation!*
CryptoVN - Commodity Channel Index (CCI)The CCI, or Commodity Channel Index, was developed by Donald Lambert, a technical analyst who originally published the indicator in Commodities magazine (now Futures) in 1980.
Despite its name, the CCI can be used in any market and is not just for commodities.
CCI is calculated with the following formula:
(Typical Price - Simple Moving Average) / (0.015 x Mean Deviation)
The CCI was originally developed to spot long-term trend changes, but has been adapted by traders for use on all timeframes.
CCI Indicator
The CCI compares the current price to an average price over a period of time.
The indicator fluctuates above or below zero, moving into positive or negative territory. While most values, approximately 75%, will fall between -100 and +100, about 25% of the values will fall outside this range, indicating a lot of weakness or strength in the price movement.
CCI Basic:
Buy signals: the CCI for movement above +100
Sell signals:the CCI for movements below -100
Investors may only wish to take the buy signals, exit when the sell signals occur, and then re-invest when the buy signal occurs again.
If you like and use this, tips and donations are always welcome. :)
Bitcoin: 3BMEXfdqNNmVmtHYvZ1HqMyXchAGLUrbqF
(*) My Advice to You:
- The Trend Is Your Friend. TRADE WHAT YOU SEE, NOT WHAT YOU THINK.
Happy Trading Life ^^!
【MasterHSC】CCI Mean Derivative Smart Strategy🧾 Strategy Description (English)
CCI Mean Slope Smart Strategy
This strategy is built on the derivative slope behavior of the Commodity Channel Index (CCI) mean line.
It identifies key turning points or trend continuations based on how the smoothed CCI (mean value) changes direction after reaching overbought or oversold zones.
Core Idea:
When the CCI mean reverses slope after exceeding ±100, it signals a potential mean reversion (range-trading opportunity).
When the CCI mean remains above +100 or below −100 with a consistent slope, it indicates a strong trending phase (momentum continuation).
The strategy dynamically adapts between these two behaviors depending on market conditions.
Modes:
🌀 Range Reversal Mode — Focuses on slope reversals after overbought/oversold conditions.
🚀 Trend Following Mode — Captures strong momentum when the CCI mean stays extended.
🧠 Auto Mode — Automatically switches between Range and Trend logic based on CCI mean volatility.
Key Features:
Dual-direction toggle: Enable or disable long/short entries independently.
Adjustable tolerance: Choose fixed or dynamic thresholds for flexibility.
Automatic mode label and visual buy/sell markers on the chart.
Pure CCI-based system — no external filters or indicators required.
Purpose:
This system is designed to reduce false signals in sideways markets while preventing missed opportunities during strong directional trends, offering a clean balance between precision and adaptability.
Step-MA Filtered CCI [Loxx]Step-MA Filtered CCI is a CCI indicator that is filtered using a stepping moving average function. This produces a CCI that is much cleaner due to noise reduction.
What is CCI?
The Commodity Channel Index ( CCI ) measures the current price level relative to an average price level over a given period of time. CCI is relatively high when prices are far above their average. CCI is relatively low when prices are far below their average. Using this method, CCI can be used to identify overbought and oversold levels.
Included:
Bar coloring
3 signal variations w/ alerts
Loxx's Expanded Source Types
TMS CCI is based on Commodity Channel IndexThis indicator is based on CCI, but draws the CCI link green/red. If CCI line is above zero, then it is painted green. If CCI is lower than zero, then it is painted red.
How to trade:
Buy Side
1. When CCI crosses above zeroline from under, it is a bullish signal, Wait for the candle to close and place an order at the closing price. Exit when CCI crosses below zeroline.
Sell Side
2. When CCI crosses below zeroline from above, it is a bearish signal, Wait for the candle to close and place an order at the closing price. Exit when CCI crosses above zeroline.
Jurik-Smoothed CCI w/ MA Deviation [Loxx]Jurik-Smoothed CCI w/ MA Deviation is a spin on regular CCI. Usually CCI is calculated as using average (Simple Moving Average) and mean deviation. In this version, average is replaced with well known JMA (Jurik Moving Average) instead for the smoothing phase and the deviation is replaced with variety moving average deviation. The result in this one is responsive and fast (as expected) and also it is smoother than the original CCI (as expected).
What is CCI?
The Commodity Channel Index (CCI) measures the current price level relative to an average price level over a given period of time. CCI is relatively high when prices are far above their average. CCI is relatively low when prices are far below their average. Using this method, CCI can be used to identify overbought and oversold levels.
What is Jurik Volty used in the Juirk Filter?
One of the lesser known qualities of Juirk smoothing is that the Jurik smoothing process is adaptive. "Jurik Volty" (a sort of market volatility ) is what makes Jurik smoothing adaptive. The Jurik Volty calculation can be used as both a standalone indicator and to smooth other indicators that you wish to make adaptive.
What is the Jurik Moving Average?
Have you noticed how moving averages add some lag (delay) to your signals? ... especially when price gaps up or down in a big move, and you are waiting for your moving average to catch up? Wait no more! JMA eliminates this problem forever and gives you the best of both worlds: low lag and smooth lines.
Included:
Bar coloring
35+ moving averages
Double MA CCI"What is the Commodity Channel Index (CCI)?
Developed by Donald Lambert, the Commodity Channel Index (CCI) is a momentum-based oscillator used to help determine when an investment vehicle is reaching a condition of being overbought or oversold. It is also used to assess price trend direction and strength. This information allows traders to determine if they want to enter or exit a trade, refrain from taking a trade, or add to an existing position. In this way, the indicator can be used to provide trade signals when it acts in a certain way.
KEY TAKEAWAYS
• The CCI measures the difference between the current price and the historical average price.
• When the CCI is above zero it indicates the price is above the historic average. When CCI is below zero, the price is below the hsitoric average.
• High readings of 100 or above, for example, indicate the price is well above the historic average and the trend has been strong to the upside.
• Low readings below -100, for example, indicate the price is well below the historic average and the trend has been strong to the downside.
• Going from negative or near-zero readings to +100 can be used as a signal to watch for an emerging uptrend.
• Going from positive or near-zero readings to -100 may indicate an emerging downtrend.
• CCI is an unbounded indicator meaning it can go higher or lower indefinitely. For this reason, overbought and oversold levels are typically determined for each individual asset by looking at historical extreme CCI levels where the price reversed from." ----> 1
SOURCE
1: (SINCE IM NOT A "PRO" MEMBER I C'ANT POST THE SOUCRE URL..., webpage consulted at : 8:50 GMT -5 ; the 2020-01-18)
I- Added a 2nd MA length and changed the default values of the source type and switched the SMA to a MA.
II- In process to add analytic MACD histogram correlation and if possible, ploting a relative histogram between the CCI upper and lower band.
P.S.:
Don't set your moving averages lengths to far from each other... This could result in fewer convergence and divergence, also in fewer crossing MA's.
Have a good year 2020 !!
//----CODER----//
R.V.
inwCoin CCI Risk% Strategy=========================
English
=========================
inwCoin CCI Risk% Strategy using CCI ( Commodity channel index ) and EMA of CCI to determine entry/ exit.
It's very good trend following strategy that it will not exit until the trend completely change.
Buy = EMA of CCI cross above 0
Sell = EMA of CCI cross under 0
You can adjust each parameters to see how's working for your setup.
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Thai
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inwCoin CCI Risk% Strategy ตัวนี้ผมเอา CCI มาช่วยในการหาจุดเข้าและจุดออก
โดยผมจะเอา EMA มาใส่ CCI ซ้อนไปอีกที เพื่อหาจุดเข้าและออกครับ
หลังจาก backtest แล้วก็พบว่า เป็นตัว trend following strategy ที่ค่อนข้างจับ trend ได้อยู่หมัด ( คือไม่ยอมออกง่ายๆ ถ้าราคาไม่หัวปักหนักๆ จริงๆ )
ตอนนี้ สำหรับ BTC ก็อย่างที่เห็น ว่า confirm trend ขาลงแล้ว .. หลังจากนี้ก็คงได้แต่รอการลงแรงๆ เพื่อปิดฉากขาลงสักรอบ แล้วค่อยขึ้นใหม่ 555
Woodies CCI with ChopZone and Sidewinder indicatorExcelente indicador a mi parecer, bastante complejo pero muy bien acoplado; dejo aquí las fuentes para aprender a utilizarlo:
www.x-trader.net
www.x-trader.net www.x-trader.net www.x-trader.net
RSI, CCI, ADX Panel (Custom TF for Each)RSI, CCI, and ADX Combined – Multi-Timeframe, Fully Customizable Panel Indicator for TradingView
Overview
This Pine Script indicator integrates the Relative Strength Index (RSI), Commodity Channel Index (CCI), and Average Directional Index (ADX) into a single, clean panel for effortless technical analysis. Each indicator operates independently, with customizable length, smoothing, and time frame for maximum flexibility. Traders can now monitor momentum, trend strength, and overbought/oversold conditions across different time frames—all in one place.
Key Features
Independent Controls: Set length, smoothing (ADX), and time frame individually for each indicator via the settings panel.
Multi-Timeframe Support: Each oscillator (RSI, CCI, ADX) can be calculated on its own time frame, enabling nuanced inter-timeframe analysis.
Customizable Visualization: Adjust line color and thickness for each indicator to match your chart style.
Clean, Non-Overlay Display: All three indicators are plotted in a dedicated panel beneath the price chart, reducing clutter.
Reference Levels: Includes standard reference lines for oversold/overbought (RSI, CCI) and trend threshold (ADX) for quick visual cues.
Usage Ideas
Swing Trading: Compare short- and long-term momentum using different time frames for RSI, CCI, and ADX.
Trend Confirmation: Use ADX to filter RSI and CCI signals—only trade overbought/oversold conditions during strong trends.
Divergence Hunting: Spot divergences between time frames for early reversal signals.
Scalping: Set RSI and CCI to lower time frames for entry, while monitoring higher timeframe ADX for trend context.
How to Install
Paste the script into the Pine Editor on TradingView.
Add to chart. Adjust settings as desired.
Save as a template for quick reuse on any chart—all your custom settings will be preserved.
Customization
Edit lengths and time frames in the indicator’s settings dialog.
Toggle reference lines on/off as needed.
Fine-tune line appearance (color, thickness) for clarity.
Note:
This indicator does not provide automated buy/sell signals. It is a customizable analytical tool for manual or semi-automated trading. Use in combination with other technical or fundamental analysis for best results.
Combine Momentum, Trend, and Volatility—Seamlessly and Visually—With One Indicator.
Matrix Series and Vix Fix with VWAP CCI and QQE SignalsMatrix Series and Vix Fix with VWAP CCI and QQE Signals
Short Title: Advanced Matrix
Purpose
This Pine Script combines multiple technical analysis tools to create a comprehensive trading indicator. It incorporates elements like support/resistance zones, overbought/oversold conditions, Williams Vix Fix, QQE (Quantitative Qualitative Estimation) signals, VWAP CCI signals, and a 200-period SMA for trend filtering. The goal is to provide actionable buy and sell signals with enhanced visualization.
Key Features and Components
1. Matrix Series
Smoothing Input: Allows customization of EMA smoothing for the indicator (default: 5).
Support/Resistance Zones: Based on CCI (Commodity Channel Index) values.
Dynamic zones calculated with customizable parameters (SupResPeriod, SupResPercentage, PricePeriod).
Candlestick Visualization: Custom candlestick plots with colors indicating trends.
Dynamic levels for overbought/oversold conditions.
2. Overbought/Oversold Signals
Overbought and oversold levels are adjustable (ob and os).
Plots circles on the chart to highlight extreme conditions.
3. Williams Vix Fix
Identifies potential reversal points by analyzing volatility.
Uses Bollinger Bands and percentile thresholds to detect high-probability entries.
Includes two alert levels (alert1 and alert2) with customizable criteria for signal filtering.
4. QQE Signals
Based on the smoothed RSI and QQE methodology.
Detects trend changes using adaptive ATR bands (FastAtrRsiTL).
Plots long and short signals when specific conditions are met.
5. VWAP CCI Signals
Combines VWAP and CCI for additional trade signals.
Detects crossovers and crossunders of CCI levels (-200 and 200) to generate long and short signals.
6. 200 SMA
A 200-period simple moving average is plotted to act as a trend filter.
The script rules recommend buying only when the price is above the SMA200.
Customizable Inputs
General:
Smoothing, support/resistance periods, overbought/oversold levels.
Williams Vix Fix:
Lookback periods, Bollinger Band settings, percentile thresholds.
QQE:
RSI length, smoothing factor, QQE factor, and threshold values.
VWAP CCI:
Length for calculating deviations.
Visual Elements
Dynamic candlestick colors to indicate trend direction.
Overbought/oversold circles for extreme price levels.
Resistance and support lines.
Labels and shapes for buy/sell signals from Vix Fix, QQE, and VWAP CCI.
Alerts
Alerts are configured for the Matrix Series (e.g., "BUY MATRIX") and other components, ensuring traders are notified when significant conditions are met.
Intended Use
This indicator is designed for traders seeking a multi-faceted tool to analyze market trends, identify potential reversal points, and generate actionable trading signals. It combines traditional indicators with advanced techniques for comprehensive market analysis.
Combi CCICombi CCI (CCCI): A Comprehensive Multi-Timeframe Indicator
Combi CCI (CCCI) is a powerful indicator that combines the Commodity Channel Index (CCI) across multiple timeframes. The purpose of CCCI is to provide a holistic view of the CCI, as it often happens that the CCI reaches its minimum or maximum value while the price continues to move in the same direction.
Seamless Integration of Timeframes for Enhanced Analysis
By incorporating CCI readings from different timeframes, CCCI eliminates the need for constantly switching between charts. You can keep a lower timeframe chart open while simultaneously benefiting from the insights provided by CCCI based on a higher timeframe.
Flexible Settings to Tailor the Indicator
CCCI offers customizable settings to suit your trading preferences. You can choose three timeframes of your choice and assign weights to each timeframe. If you prefer to work with only two timeframes, you have the option to assign a weight of 0 to the third timeframe.
Weighting Factor: Determining Importance
The assigned weight for each timeframe is crucial in determining its significance in the CCCI calculation. While the weight can be any non-negative number, it is the relative weights that matter the most. A higher weight value indicates a greater importance placed on that specific timeframe in the CCCI analysis.
Utilizing CCCI as an Effective Tool
While CCCI can be used as a regular CCI indicator, such as identifying buying opportunities in the oversold range or selling opportunities in the overbought range, it is essential to note that CCCI is not intended to be used as a standalone indicator. To make informed trading decisions, it is highly recommended to seek confluence with other indicators and analyze the overall market context.
Indicator analysis
Furthermore, the CCCI indicator includes built-in analysis on top of the indicator data. You can choose from SMA, EMA, BB, or you have an option to turn this feature off by selecting None. This provides an additional layer of information on top of the indicator data.
The indicator also includes automatic divergence detection. The data is correlated with the opened price chart, and bullish, bearish, both normal and hidden divergences are also visually displayed in the indicator area.
GKD-C Digital Kahler CCI [Loxx]Giga Kaleidoscope GKD-C Digital Kahler CCI is a Confirmation module included in Loxx's "Giga Kaleidoscope Modularized Trading System".
█ Giga Kaleidoscope Modularized Trading System
What is Loxx's "Giga Kaleidoscope Modularized Trading System"?
The Giga Kaleidoscope Modularized Trading System is a trading system built on the philosophy of the NNFX (No Nonsense Forex) algorithmic trading.
What is the NNFX algorithmic trading strategy?
The NNFX (No-Nonsense Forex) trading system is a comprehensive approach to Forex trading that is designed to simplify the process and remove the confusion and complexity that often surrounds trading. The system was developed by a Forex trader who goes by the pseudonym "VP" and has gained a significant following in the Forex community.
The NNFX trading system is based on a set of rules and guidelines that help traders make objective and informed decisions. These rules cover all aspects of trading, including market analysis, trade entry, stop loss placement, and trade management.
Here are the main components of the NNFX trading system:
1. Trading Philosophy: The NNFX trading system is based on the idea that successful trading requires a comprehensive understanding of the market, objective analysis, and strict risk management. The system aims to remove subjective elements from trading and focuses on objective rules and guidelines.
2. Technical Analysis: The NNFX trading system relies heavily on technical analysis and uses a range of indicators to identify high-probability trading opportunities. The system uses a combination of trend-following and mean-reverting strategies to identify trades.
3. Market Structure: The NNFX trading system emphasizes the importance of understanding the market structure, including price action, support and resistance levels, and market cycles. The system uses a range of tools to identify the market structure, including trend lines, channels, and moving averages.
4. Trade Entry: The NNFX trading system has strict rules for trade entry. The system uses a combination of technical indicators to identify high-probability trades, and traders must meet specific criteria to enter a trade.
5. Stop Loss Placement: The NNFX trading system places a significant emphasis on risk management and requires traders to place a stop loss order on every trade. The system uses a combination of technical analysis and market structure to determine the appropriate stop loss level.
6. Trade Management: The NNFX trading system has specific rules for managing open trades. The system aims to minimize risk and maximize profit by using a combination of trailing stops, take profit levels, and position sizing.
Overall, the NNFX trading system is designed to be a straightforward and easy-to-follow approach to Forex trading that can be applied by traders of all skill levels.
Core components of an NNFX algorithmic trading strategy
The NNFX algorithm is built on the principles of trend, momentum, and volatility. There are six core components in the NNFX trading algorithm:
1. Volatility - price volatility; e.g., Average True Range, True Range Double, Close-to-Close, etc.
2. Baseline - a moving average to identify price trend
3. Confirmation 1 - a technical indicator used to identify trends
4. Confirmation 2 - a technical indicator used to identify trends
5. Continuation - a technical indicator used to identify trends
6. Volatility/Volume - a technical indicator used to identify volatility/volume breakouts/breakdown
7. Exit - a technical indicator used to determine when a trend is exhausted
What is Volatility in the NNFX trading system?
In the NNFX (No Nonsense Forex) trading system, ATR (Average True Range) is typically used to measure the volatility of an asset. It is used as a part of the system to help determine the appropriate stop loss and take profit levels for a trade. ATR is calculated by taking the average of the true range values over a specified period.
True range is calculated as the maximum of the following values:
-Current high minus the current low
-Absolute value of the current high minus the previous close
-Absolute value of the current low minus the previous close
ATR is a dynamic indicator that changes with changes in volatility. As volatility increases, the value of ATR increases, and as volatility decreases, the value of ATR decreases. By using ATR in NNFX system, traders can adjust their stop loss and take profit levels according to the volatility of the asset being traded. This helps to ensure that the trade is given enough room to move, while also minimizing potential losses.
Other types of volatility include True Range Double (TRD), Close-to-Close, and Garman-Klass
What is a Baseline indicator?
The baseline is essentially a moving average, and is used to determine the overall direction of the market.
The baseline in the NNFX system is used to filter out trades that are not in line with the long-term trend of the market. The baseline is plotted on the chart along with other indicators, such as the Moving Average (MA), the Relative Strength Index (RSI), and the Average True Range (ATR).
Trades are only taken when the price is in the same direction as the baseline. For example, if the baseline is sloping upwards, only long trades are taken, and if the baseline is sloping downwards, only short trades are taken. This approach helps to ensure that trades are in line with the overall trend of the market, and reduces the risk of entering trades that are likely to fail.
By using a baseline in the NNFX system, traders can have a clear reference point for determining the overall trend of the market, and can make more informed trading decisions. The baseline helps to filter out noise and false signals, and ensures that trades are taken in the direction of the long-term trend.
What is a Confirmation indicator?
Confirmation indicators are technical indicators that are used to confirm the signals generated by primary indicators. Primary indicators are the core indicators used in the NNFX system, such as the Average True Range (ATR), the Moving Average (MA), and the Relative Strength Index (RSI).
The purpose of the confirmation indicators is to reduce false signals and improve the accuracy of the trading system. They are designed to confirm the signals generated by the primary indicators by providing additional information about the strength and direction of the trend.
Some examples of confirmation indicators that may be used in the NNFX system include the Bollinger Bands, the MACD (Moving Average Convergence Divergence), and the CCI Oscillator. These indicators can provide information about the volatility, momentum, and trend strength of the market, and can be used to confirm the signals generated by the primary indicators.
In the NNFX system, confirmation indicators are used in combination with primary indicators and other filters to create a trading system that is robust and reliable. By using multiple indicators to confirm trading signals, the system aims to reduce the risk of false signals and improve the overall profitability of the trades.
What is a Continuation indicator?
In the NNFX (No Nonsense Forex) trading system, a continuation indicator is a technical indicator that is used to confirm a current trend and predict that the trend is likely to continue in the same direction. A continuation indicator is typically used in conjunction with other indicators in the system, such as a baseline indicator, to provide a comprehensive trading strategy.
What is a Volatility/Volume indicator?
Volume indicators, such as the On Balance Volume (OBV), the Chaikin Money Flow (CMF), or the Volume Price Trend (VPT), are used to measure the amount of buying and selling activity in a market. They are based on the trading volume of the market, and can provide information about the strength of the trend. In the NNFX system, volume indicators are used to confirm trading signals generated by the Moving Average and the Relative Strength Index. Volatility indicators include Average Direction Index, Waddah Attar, and Volatility Ratio. In the NNFX trading system, volatility is a proxy for volume and vice versa.
By using volume indicators as confirmation tools, the NNFX trading system aims to reduce the risk of false signals and improve the overall profitability of trades. These indicators can provide additional information about the market that is not captured by the primary indicators, and can help traders to make more informed trading decisions. In addition, volume indicators can be used to identify potential changes in market trends and to confirm the strength of price movements.
What is an Exit indicator?
The exit indicator is used in conjunction with other indicators in the system, such as the Moving Average (MA), the Relative Strength Index (RSI), and the Average True Range (ATR), to provide a comprehensive trading strategy.
The exit indicator in the NNFX system can be any technical indicator that is deemed effective at identifying optimal exit points. Examples of exit indicators that are commonly used include the Parabolic SAR, the Average Directional Index (ADX), and the Chandelier Exit.
The purpose of the exit indicator is to identify when a trend is likely to reverse or when the market conditions have changed, signaling the need to exit a trade. By using an exit indicator, traders can manage their risk and prevent significant losses.
In the NNFX system, the exit indicator is used in conjunction with a stop loss and a take profit order to maximize profits and minimize losses. The stop loss order is used to limit the amount of loss that can be incurred if the trade goes against the trader, while the take profit order is used to lock in profits when the trade is moving in the trader's favor.
Overall, the use of an exit indicator in the NNFX trading system is an important component of a comprehensive trading strategy. It allows traders to manage their risk effectively and improve the profitability of their trades by exiting at the right time.
How does Loxx's GKD (Giga Kaleidoscope Modularized Trading System) implement the NNFX algorithm outlined above?
Loxx's GKD v1.0 system has five types of modules (indicators/strategies). These modules are:
1. GKD-BT - Backtesting module (Volatility, Number 1 in the NNFX algorithm)
2. GKD-B - Baseline module (Baseline and Volatility/Volume, Numbers 1 and 2 in the NNFX algorithm)
3. GKD-C - Confirmation 1/2 and Continuation module (Confirmation 1/2 and Continuation, Numbers 3, 4, and 5 in the NNFX algorithm)
4. GKD-V - Volatility/Volume module (Confirmation 1/2, Number 6 in the NNFX algorithm)
5. GKD-E - Exit module (Exit, Number 7 in the NNFX algorithm)
(additional module types will added in future releases)
Each module interacts with every module by passing data between modules. Data is passed between each module as described below:
GKD-B => GKD-V => GKD-C(1) => GKD-C(2) => GKD-C(Continuation) => GKD-E => GKD-BT
That is, the Baseline indicator passes its data to Volatility/Volume. The Volatility/Volume indicator passes its values to the Confirmation 1 indicator. The Confirmation 1 indicator passes its values to the Confirmation 2 indicator. The Confirmation 2 indicator passes its values to the Continuation indicator. The Continuation indicator passes its values to the Exit indicator, and finally, the Exit indicator passes its values to the Backtest strategy.
This chaining of indicators requires that each module conform to Loxx's GKD protocol, therefore allowing for the testing of every possible combination of technical indicators that make up the six components of the NNFX algorithm.
What does the application of the GKD trading system look like?
Example trading system:
Backtest: Strategy with 1-3 take profits, trailing stop loss, multiple types of PnL volatility, and 2 backtesting styles
Baseline: Hull Moving Average
Volatility/Volume: Hurst Exponent
Confirmation 1: Digital Kahler CCI as shown on the chart above
Confirmation 2: Williams Percent Range
Continuation: Fisher Transform
Exit: Rex Oscillator
Each GKD indicator is denoted with a module identifier of either: GKD-BT, GKD-B, GKD-C, GKD-V, or GKD-E. This allows traders to understand to which module each indicator belongs and where each indicator fits into the GKD protocol chain.
Giga Kaleidoscope Modularized Trading System Signals (based on the NNFX algorithm)
Standard Entry
1. GKD-C Confirmation 1 Signal
2. GKD-B Baseline agrees
3. Price is within a range of 0.2x Volatility and 1.0x Volatility of the Goldie Locks Mean
4. GKD-C Confirmation 2 agrees
5. GKD-V Volatility/Volume agrees
Baseline Entry
1. GKD-B Baseline signal
2. GKD-C Confirmation 1 agrees
3. Price is within a range of 0.2x Volatility and 1.0x Volatility of the Goldie Locks Mean
4. GKD-C Confirmation 2 agrees
5. GKD-V Volatility/Volume agrees
6. GKD-C Confirmation 1 signal was less than 7 candles prior
Continuation Entry
1. Standard Entry, Baseline Entry, or Pullback; entry triggered previously
2. GKD-B Baseline hasn't crossed since entry signal trigger
3. GKD-C Confirmation Continuation Indicator signals
4. GKD-C Confirmation 1 agrees
5. GKD-B Baseline agrees
6. GKD-C Confirmation 2 agrees
1-Candle Rule Standard Entry
1. GKD-C Confirmation 1 signal
2. GKD-B Baseline agrees
3. Price is within a range of 0.2x Volatility and 1.0x Volatility of the Goldie Locks Mean
Next Candle:
1. Price retraced (Long: close < close or Short: close > close )
2. GKD-B Baseline agrees
3. GKD-C Confirmation 1 agrees
4. GKD-C Confirmation 2 agrees
5. GKD-V Volatility/Volume agrees
1-Candle Rule Baseline Entry
1. GKD-B Baseline signal
2. GKD-C Confirmation 1 agrees
3. Price is within a range of 0.2x Volatility and 1.0x Volatility of the Goldie Locks Mean
4. GKD-C Confirmation 1 signal was less than 7 candles prior
Next Candle:
1. Price retraced (Long: close < close or Short: close > close )
2. GKD-B Baseline agrees
3. GKD-C Confirmation 1 agrees
4. GKD-C Confirmation 2 agrees
5. GKD-V Volatility/Volume Agrees
PullBack Entry
1. GKD-B Baseline signal
2. GKD-C Confirmation 1 agrees
3. Price is beyond 1.0x Volatility of Baseline
Next Candle:
1. Price is within a range of 0.2x Volatility and 1.0x Volatility of the Goldie Locks Mean
3. GKD-C Confirmation 1 agrees
4. GKD-C Confirmation 2 agrees
5. GKD-V Volatility/Volume Agrees
█ GKD-C Digital Kahler CCI
What is Digital Kahler?
From Philipp Kahler's article for www.traders-mag.com, August 2008. "A Classic Indicator in a New Suit: Digital Stochastic"
Digital Indicators
Whenever you study the development of trading systems in particular, you will be struck in an extremely unpleasant way by the seemingly unmotivated indentations and changes in direction of each indicator. An experienced trader can recognize many false signals of the indicator on the basis of his solid background; a stupid trading system usually falls into any trap offered by the unclear indicator course. This is what motivated me to improve even further this and other indicators with the help of a relatively simple procedure. The goal of this development is to be able to use this indicator in a trading system with as few additional conditions as possible. Discretionary traders will likewise be happy about this clear course, which is not nerve-racking and makes concentrating on the essential elements of trading possible.
How Is It Done?
The digital Stochastic is a child of the original indicator. We owe a debt of gratitude to George Lane for his idea to design an indicator which describes the position of the current price within the high-low range of the historical price movement. My contribution to this indicator is the changed pattern which improves the quality of the signal without generating too long delays in giving signals. The trick used to generate this “digital” behavior of the indicator. It can be used with most oscillators like RSI or CCI.
First of all, the original is looked at. The indicator always moves between 0 and 100. The precise position of the indicator or its course relative to the trigger line are of no interest to me, I would just like to know whether the indicator is quoted below or above the value 50. This is tantamount to the question of whether the market is just trading above or below the middle of the high-low range of the past few days. If the market trades in the upper half of its high-low range, then the digital Stochastic is given the value 1; if the original Stochastic is below 50, then the value –1 is given. This leads to a sequence of 1/-1 values – the digital core of the new indicator. These values are subsequently smoothed by means of a short exponential moving average . This way minor false signals are eliminated and the indicator is given its typical form.
Calculation
The calculation is simple
Step1: create the CCI
Step 2: Use CCI as Fast MA and smoothed CCI as Slow MA
Step 3: Multiple the Slow and Fast MAs by their respective input ratios, and then divide by their sum. if the result is greater than 0, then the result is 1, if it's less than 0 then the result is -1, then chart the data
if ((slowr * slow_k + fastr * fast_k) / (fastr + slowr) > 50.0)
temp := 1
if ((slowr * slow_k + fastr * fast_k) / (fastr + slowr) < 50.0)
temp := -1
Step 4: Profit
Requirements
Inputs
Confirmation 1 and Solo Confirmation: GKD-V Volatility / Volume indicator
Confirmation 2: GKD-C Confirmation indicator
Outputs
Confirmation 2 and Solo Confirmation Complex: GKD-E Exit indicator
Confirmation 1: GKD-C Confirmation indicator
Continuation: GKD-E Exit indicator
Solo Confirmation Simple: GKD-BT Backtest strategy
Additional features will be added in future releases.
Adaptive-Lookback CCI w/ Double Juirk Smoothing [Loxx]Adaptive-Lookback CCI w/ Double Juirk Smoothing is a CCI indicator with Adaptive period inputs. The adaptive calculation in this case is the count of pivots in historical bars. This indicator is also double smoothing using Jurik smoothing to reduce noise and refine the signal.
What is CCI?
The Commodity Channel Index ( CCI ) measures the current price level relative to an average price level over a given period of time. CCI is relatively high when prices are far above their average. CCI is relatively low when prices are far below their average. Using this method, CCI can be used to identify overbought and oversold levels.
What is Jurik Volty used in the Juirk Filter?
One of the lesser known qualities of Juirk smoothing is that the Jurik smoothing process is adaptive. "Jurik Volty" (a sort of market volatility ) is what makes Jurik smoothing adaptive. The Jurik Volty calculation can be used as both a standalone indicator and to smooth other indicators that you wish to make adaptive.
What is the Jurik Moving Average?
Have you noticed how moving averages add some lag (delay) to your signals? ... especially when price gaps up or down in a big move, and you are waiting for your moving average to catch up? Wait no more! JMA eliminates this problem forever and gives you the best of both worlds: low lag and smooth lines.
Included:
Bar coloring
3 signal variations w/ alerts
Stepped Moving Average of CCI [Loxx]Stepped Moving Average of CCI is a CCI that applies a stepping algorithm to smooth CCI. This allows for noice reduction and better identification of breakouts/breakdowns/reversals.
What is CCI?
The Commodity Channel Index ( CCI ) measures the current price level relative to an average price level over a given period of time. CCI is relatively high when prices are far above their average. CCI is relatively low when prices are far below their average. Using this method, CCI can be used to identify overbought and oversold levels.
Included:
Bar coloring
4 signal variations w/ alerts
Loxx's Expanded Source Types
Loxx's Moving Averages
VHF-Adaptive CCI [Loxx]VHF-Adaptive CCI is a CCI indicator with adaptive period inputs using vertical horizontal filtering.
What is CCI?
The Commodity Channel Index ( CCI ) measures the current price level relative to an average price level over a given period of time. CCI is relatively high when prices are far above their average. CCI is relatively low when prices are far below their average. Using this method, CCI can be used to identify overbought and oversold levels.
What is VHF Adaptive Cycle?
Vertical Horizontal Filter (VHF) was created by Adam White to identify trending and ranging markets. VHF measures the level of trend activity, similar to ADX DI. Vertical Horizontal Filter does not, itself, generate trading signals, but determines whether signals are taken from trend or momentum indicators. Using this trend information, one is then able to derive an average cycle length.
Included
Bar coloring
Signals
Alerts
[SK] RSI/CCI Correlating OscillatorThe combination of RSI and CCI can be a powerful tool to efficiently signal the strength of the trend and upcoming reversals.
The magic comes when you're able to correlate both indicators correctly, this is the power I give you with the RSCCIO.
I've added additional features to each indicator that make signals more clear and easier to identify.
On the RSI
Directional color coding similar to what you can find on a MACD. This helps to identify the general trend ( above or below midline ) and the of the movement within.
For precise correlation the RSI is adjusted to a midline of 0. You can still enter the overbought/oversold levels as you'd expect on a regular RSI and it will be automatically adjusted.
On the CCI
Extreme strength / weakness color coding when the value exceeds the range makes signals more clear.
For precise correlation with the RSI, we need to scale down the value of the CCI with the Sensitivity Input. The default value works overall but feel free to play around to adjust the scale of the CCI movement.
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RSI Relative Strength Index
The RSI is a momentum indicator that measures the magnitude of recent price changes. An asset is usually considered overbought when the RSI is above 70% and oversold when it is below 30%.
CCI Commodity Channel Index
The CCI was originally developed to spot trend changes. Use the CCI on the longer-term chart to establish the dominant trend and on the shorter-term chart to isolate pullbacks and generate trade signals.
[blackcat] L2 Ehlers AutoLength CCI VWAPLevel: 2
Background
John F. Ehlers introuced AutoLength CCI in Sep, 2016.
Function
In “Measuring Market Cycles” in Sep, 2016, John Ehlers described a method that he had developed to measure cycles in market data. Dr. Ehlers presented an indicator using this technique, which he referred to as an autocorrelation periodogram. He also described how this technique for determining the dominant market cycle could be used to help select the period used in other more traditional indicators such as the stochastic, the RSI, and the commodity channel index (CCI). Here, I am providing an example strategy using the concepts presented in the article with CCI and upgraded with CCI VWAP with my own idea.
Key Signal
CCIValue --> Ehlers AutoLength CCI VWAP signal
Pros and Cons
90% John F. Ehlers definition translation, even variable names are the same. This help readers who would like to use pine to read his book.
Remarks
The 87th script for Blackcat1402 John F. Ehlers Week publication.
I upgraded original Ehlers Autolength CCI to Autolength CCI VWAP
Readme
In real life, I am a prolific inventor. I have successfully applied for more than 60 international and regional patents in the past 12 years. But in the past two years or so, I have tried to transfer my creativity to the development of trading strategies. Tradingview is the ideal platform for me. I am selecting and contributing some of the hundreds of scripts to publish in Tradingview community. Welcome everyone to interact with me to discuss these interesting pine scripts.
The scripts posted are categorized into 5 levels according to my efforts or manhours put into these works.
Level 1 : interesting script snippets or distinctive improvement from classic indicators or strategy. Level 1 scripts can usually appear in more complex indicators as a function module or element.
Level 2 : composite indicator/strategy. By selecting or combining several independent or dependent functions or sub indicators in proper way, the composite script exhibits a resonance phenomenon which can filter out noise or fake trading signal to enhance trading confidence level.
Level 3 : comprehensive indicator/strategy. They are simple trading systems based on my strategies. They are commonly containing several or all of entry signal, close signal, stop loss, take profit, re-entry, risk management, and position sizing techniques. Even some interesting fundamental and mass psychological aspects are incorporated.
Level 4 : script snippets or functions that do not disclose source code. Interesting element that can reveal market laws and work as raw material for indicators and strategies. If you find Level 1~2 scripts are helpful, Level 4 is a private version that took me far more efforts to develop.
Level 5 : indicator/strategy that do not disclose source code. private version of Level 3 script with my accumulated script processing skills or a large number of custom functions. I had a private function library built in past two years. Level 5 scripts use many of them to achieve private trading strategy.






















