ATR Gerchik LightAverage True Range ( ATR ) is a technical analysis indicator that measures volatility in the market. ATR is a moving average of the true range over a period of time.
ATR calculation procedure:
1. Determine the true maximum - this is the highest of the current maximum and yesterday's closing price of the day.
2. Determine the true minimum - this is the smallest of the current minimum and yesterday's closing price.
3. Determine the true range - this is the distance between the true maximum and minimum.
4. We exclude extremely large candles (> x2 ATR) and extremely small ones (< 0.5 ATR) from the obtained true ranges.
5. We calculate the average for the selected period based on the remaining range.
6. We calculate the percentage of the current True Range relative to the average ATR value for the previous period.
Description:
If you analyze it yourself, you will see that 75-80% of the time, the instrument moves only 1 ATR per day. You must understand that if an instrument has, for example, moved 80% of its daily range, it is not advisable to purchase it. This is comparable to a car's fuel tank: if the tank is almost empty, the car won't go far. Most indicators that calculate ATR include anomalous candles, which give unreliable results and lead to incorrect decisions. Because of this, many traders prefer to calculate ATR on their own.
However, the Gerchik ATR indicator accounts for anomalous candles and filters out extremely large candles (> 2x ATR) and extremely small ones (< 0.5x ATR). Additionally, this indicator immediately shows the consumed “fuel” of the instrument as a percentage, so you don't have to calculate the distance traveled yourself. This allows you to make quick, informed decisions. If we see that the tank is almost empty, it is logical not to get into that car today. When building any strategy, you must rely on the average movement.
Key Features:
Anomalous Candle Filtering: Excludes extremely large and small candles to provide more reliable ATR values.
Consumed Fuel Indicator: Shows the percentage of the ATR consumed, helping traders quickly assess the remaining potential movement.
Daily Timeframe Focus: Designed specifically for use on daily charts for accurate long-term analysis.
Practical Applications:
Entry and Exit Points: Use the ATR to determine optimal entry and exit points by assessing market volatility and potential price movement.
Stop-Loss Placement: Calculate stop-loss levels based on ATR to ensure they are placed at appropriate distances, accounting for current market volatility.
Trend Confirmation: Use the percentage of ATR consumed to confirm the strength of a trend and decide whether to enter or exit trades.
Examples of Use:
Trend Following: During strong trends, ATR helps identify periods of increased volatility, signaling potential breakouts or reversals.
Range Trading: In ranging markets, ATR can highlight periods of low volatility, indicating consolidation and potential breakout zones.
Note: The indicator is displayed and works only on the daily timeframe!
The indicator was created according to the instructions, description of the functionality, and strategy of Mr. Gerchik. Thank you so much, Chief!
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Average True Range ( ATR , средний истинный диапазон) – это индикатор технического анализа, который измеряет волатильность на рынке. ATR представляет собой скользящее среднее истинного диапазона за определенный период времени.
Порядок расчета ATR:
1. Определяем истинный максимум – это наивысшее из текущего максимума и вчерашней цены закрытия дня.
2. Определяем истинный минимум – это наименьшее из текущего минимума и вчерашней цены закрытия.
3. Определяем истинный диапазон – это расстояние между истинным максимумом и минимумом.
4. Исключаем из полученных истинных диапазонов экстремально большие свечи (> x2 ATR) и экстремально маленькие (< 0.5 ATR).
5. Рассчитываем среднее за выбранный период исходя из оставшегося диапазона.
6 . Рассчитываем процент текущего истинного диапазона (True Range) относительно среднего значения ATR за предыдущий период.
Описание:
Если вы сами проанализируете, то увидите, что 75-80% времени инструмент ходит только 1 ATR. И вы должны понимать, что если инструмент внутри дня прошел, к примеру, 80% своего движения, то этот инструмент больше нельзя покупать. Это можно сравнить с баком машины: если бак почти пустой, машина далеко не уедет. Большинство индикаторов, которые рассчитывают ATR, производят расчет с паранормальными свечами. Это дает недостоверный результат и приводит к неверным решениям. Многие трейдеры из-за этого не используют готовые индикаторы и предпочитают считать ATR самостоятельно. Но индикатор ATR Gerchik учитывает паранормальные свечи и фильтрует экстремально большие свечи (> x2 ATR) и экстремально маленькие (< 0.5 ATR). Также этот индикатор сразу показывает израсходованный "бензин" инструмента в процентах. И вам не надо самостоятельно высчитывать пройденный путь. Вы можете быстро принимать правильные решения. Если мы видим, что бак почти пустой, логично не садиться в эту машину сегодня. Когда вы строите какую-то стратегию, вы должны обязательно полагаться на среднестатистическое движение.
Существует много стратегий, завязанных на ATR, которые учитывают волатильность инструмента, запас хода, точки разворота, места выставления стоп-лоссов (SL) и тейк-профитов (TP) и другие факторы. Я не буду останавливаться на них, так как каждый может найти описание этих стратегий и использовать их на свой выбор.
Индикатор отображается и работает только на дневном таймфрейме!
Индикатор создан по наставлениям, описанию функционала и стратегии господина Герчика. Огромное спасибо, Шеф!
Range
ICT KillZones Hunt [TradingFinder] 4 Sessions + OB + FVG + Alert🔵 Introduction
🟣 ICT
The "ICT" style is a subset of "Price Action" technical analysis. The primary goal of the ICT trading strategy is to merge "Price Action" with the "Smart Money" concept to pinpoint optimal trade entry points.
However, this approach's strength extends beyond merely finding entry points. It also helps traders gain a deeper understanding of price behavior and adapt their trading strategies to the market structure.
The most important concepts of "ICT" :
Order Block
Fair Value Gap(FVG)
Liquidity
🟣 Session
Financial markets are divided into several time periods, each featuring distinct characteristics and levels of activity. These periods, known as sessions, are active at different times during the day.
The primary active sessions in financial markets include :
Asian Session
European Session
New York Session
Based on the UTC time zone, the schedule for these key sessions is :
Asian Session: 23:00 to 06:00
European Session: 07:00 to 16:30
New York Session: 13:00 to 22:00
Note
To avoid session overlap and minimize interference during kill zones, the session times have been modified as follows :
Asian Session: 23:00 to 06:00
European Session: 07:00 to 14:25
New York Session: 14:30 to 22:55
🟣 KillZone
Kill zones are periods within a session where trader activity spikes. During these times, trading volume surges, and price movements become more pronounced.
The major kill zones, according to the UTC time zone, are as follows :
Asian Kill Zone: 23:00 to 03:55
European Kill Zone: 07:00 to 09:55
New York Morning Kill Zone: 14:30 to 16:55
New York Evening Kill Zone: 19:30 to 20:55
🔵 How to Use
🟣 Order Block
Order blocks are a distinct category of "Supply and Demand" zones, formed when a series of orders are grouped together. These blocks are often created by banks or other significant market participants.
Banks typically execute large orders in blocks during their trading sessions. If they were to enter the market with small quantities, substantial price movements would occur before the orders were fully executed, reducing potential profit.
To mitigate this, they divide their orders into smaller, more manageable positions. Traders should seek "buy" opportunities in "demand order blocks" and "sell" opportunities in "supply order blocks."
🟣 Fair Value Gap (FVG)
To pinpoint the "Fair Value Gap" on the chart, meticulous candle-by-candle analysis is essential. Pay close attention to candles with significant bodies, examining each candle alongside the one preceding it.
The candles flanking this central candle should exhibit elongated shadows, with bodies that do not intersect the body of the central candle. The span between the shadows of the first and third candles is referred to as the FVG range.
Note :
The origin of all Order Blocks and FVGs starts from inside a kill zone and extends up to the end of the same session.
🟣 Kill Zone Hunt
Following this strategy, after the conclusion of the kill zone and the stabilization of its high and low lines, if the price touches either of these lines within the same session and encounters a robust rejection, it presents an opportunity to enter a trade.
🔵 Setting
🟣 Global Setting
Show All Order Block :
If it is turned off, only the last Order Block will be displayed.
Show All FVG :
If it is turned off, only the last FVG will be displayed.
Show More Info Session :
If it is turned on, more information about kill zones (Trade Volume, Time, Number of Candles) will be displayed.
🟣 Logic Parameter
Pivot Period of Order Blocks Detector :
Enter the desired pivot period to identify the Order Block.
Order Block Validity Period (Bar) :
You can specify the maximum time the Order Block remains valid based on the number of candles from the origin.
Mitigation Level Order Block :
Determining the basic level of a block order. When the price hits the basic level, the order block due to mitigation.
🟣 Order Blocks Display
Demand Order Block :
Show or not show and specify color.
Supply order Block :
Show or not show and specify color.
🟣 Order Block Refinement
Refine Demand OB :
Enable or disable the refinement feature. Mode selection.
Refine Supply OB :
Enable or disable the refinement feature. Mode selection.
🟣 FVG
FVG Validity Period (Bar) :
You can specify the maximum time the FVG remains valid based on the number of candles from the origin.
Mitigation Level FVG :
Determining the basic level of a FVG. When the price hits the basic level, the FVG due to mitigation.
Show Demand FVG :
Show or not show and specify color.
Show Supply FVG :
Show or not show and specify color.
FVG Filter :
Enable or disable filtering of FVGs. Select filter mode.
🟣 Session
Show More Info Session Color
Asia Session, London Sesseion, New York am Session & New York pm Session :
Show or not show session and kill zones. Change the display color.
🟣 Alert
Send Alert When Touched Session high & Low :
On / Off
Alert Demand OB Mitigation :
On / Off
Alert Supply OB Mitigation :
On / Off
Alert Demand FVG Mitigation :
On / Off
Alert Supply FVG Mitigation :
On / Off
Message Frequency :
This string parameter defines the announcement frequency. Choices include: "All" (activates the alert every time the function is called), "Once Per Bar" (activates the alert only on the first call within the bar), and "Once Per Bar Close" (the alert is activated only by a call at the last script execution of the real-time bar upon closing). The default setting is "Once per Bar".
Show Alert Time by Time Zone :
The date, hour, and minute you receive in alert messages can be based on any time zone you choose. For example, if you want New York time, you should enter "UTC-4". This input is set to the time zone "UTC" by default.
Display More Info :
Displays information about the price range of the order blocks (Zone Price) and the date, hour, and minute under "Display More Info". If you do not want this information to appear in the received message along with the alert, you should set it to "Off".
B A N K $ - Advanced Session RangesThis is a simple indicator that has been designed to aid intraday trading and has a few components;
Key Features
Session Ranges + Optimal Exit Time
Asia Pip Range
New York Midnight Open Line
Session Ranges + Optimal Exit Time
Information ℹ️
This is a visual depiction of the 3 main sessions in the markets. Asia, London & New York. The default timings are set to perfectly align with each session however the Start & End times for each session can be changed in the settings. (I've added a website on the tooltip to easily convert timezones)
I have also added a 4th session range called "Optimal Exit Time". This is statistically the most probable time window for the opposite High / Low of Day to form is within this window. It helps the trader understand when they should look to take profit.
How It Works 🔑
The indicator automatically maps on two lines for the High & Low of the range between the selected Start & End time, it also colours the background.
The individual lines & background can be toggled & customised to the traders preference.
Asia Pip Range
Information ℹ️
This displays the Asia Range in pips beneath the Asia Session Low.
How It Works 🔑
This calculates the distance between the Asia High - Asia Low in pips. It will automatically recalibrate to the timings the trader sets in the settings if they change the Start / End.
New York Midnight Open Line
Information ℹ️
This helps look for Buys beneath the line for a Bullish Expansion day 📈 & Sells above the line for a Bearish Expansion day 📉
How It Works 🔑
This adds a horizontal line to the chart that is anchored to New York Midnight Open (00:00) by default. It can be changed in the settings in required. You can also toggle on the time being shown above the line.
KillZones Hunt + Sessions [TradingFinder] Alert & Volume Ranges🟣 Introduction
🔵 Session
Financial markets are divided into various time segments, each with its own characteristics and activity levels. These segments are called sessions, and they are active at different times of the day.
The most important active sessions in financial markets are :
1. Asian Session
2. European Session
3. New York Session
The timing of these major sessions based on the UTC time zone is as follows :
1. Asian Session: 23:00 to 06:00
2. European Session: 07:00 to 16:30
3. New York Session: 13:00 to 22:00
Note
To avoid overlap between sessions and interference in kill zones, we have adjusted the session timings as follows :
• Asian Session: 23:00 to 06:00
• European Session: 07:00 to 14:25
• New York Session: 14:30 to 22:55
🔵 Kill Zones
Kill zones are parts of a session where trader activity is higher than usual. During these periods, trading volume increases and price fluctuations are more intense.
The timing of the major kill zones based on the UTC time zone is as follows :
• Asian Kill Zone: 23:00 to 03:55
• European Kill Zone: 07:00 to 09:55
• New York Morning Kill Zone: 14:30 to 16:55
• New York Evening Kill Zone: 19:30 to 20:55
This indicator focuses on tracking the kill zone and its range. For example, once a kill zone ends, the high and low formed during it remain unchanged.
If the price reaches the high or low of the kill zone while the session is still active, the corresponding line is not drawn any further. Based on this information, various strategies can be developed, and the most important ones are discussed below.
🟣 How to Use
There are three main ways to trade based on the kill zone :
• Kill Zone Hunt
• Breakout and Pullback to Kill Zone
• Trading in the Trend of the Kill Zone
🔵 Kill Zone Hunt
According to this strategy, once the kill zone ends and its high and low lines no longer change, if the price reaches one of these lines within the same session and is strongly rejected, a trade can be entered.
🔵 Breakout and Pullback to Kill Zone
According to this strategy, once the kill zone ends and its high and low lines no longer change, if the price breaks one of these lines strongly within the same session, a trade can be entered on the pullback to that level.
Trading in the Trend of the Kill Zone
We know that kill zones are areas where high-volume trading occurs and powerful trends form. Therefore, trades can be made in the direction of the trend. For example, when an upward trend dominates this area, you can enter a buy trade when the price reaches a demand order block.
🟣 Features
🔵 Alerts
You can set alerts to be notified when the price hits the high or low lines of the kill zone.
🔵 More Information
By enabling this feature, you can view information such as the time and trading volume within the kill zone. This allows you to compare the trading volume with the same period on the previous day or other kill zones.
🟣 Settings
Through the settings, you have access to the following options :
• Show or hide additional information
• Enable or disable alerts
• Show or hide sessions
• Show or hide kill zones
• Set preferred colors for displaying sessions
• Customize the time range of sessions
• Customize the time range of kill zones
Trend Bars Pro (HTF PO3)Hello Traders!
The innovative TRN Trend Bars Pro are designed to help traders to analyze markets in an intuitive way and provide high probability entry and exit signals. It combines three core concepts:
TRN Trend Bars to see the current trend and reversals (replaces the default chart bars)
Bar Ranges to highlight consolidations
Dynamic Trend to see the overall trend.
First, let's have a look at each of these concepts individually. Afterwards, we describe how a combination of all three gives you a crystal-clear picture of the market.
TRN Trend Bars Pro
They show bullish and bearish trends and reversals based on color coding the bars and give high probability trade opportunities with special colors. The trend analysis is based on a new algorithm that includes several different inputs:
classical and advanced bar patterns and their statistical frequency
probability distributions of price expansions after certain bar patterns
bar information such as wick length in %, overlapping of the previous bar in % and many more
historical trend and consolidation analysis
The algorithm weighs these concepts and outputs a color scheme for the chart bars or candlesticks.
Bar Types
Trend bars in green and red
Reversal Bars in blue and fuchsia
Continuation Bars in turquoise and orange
Breakout Bars in dark green and pink
Green Bars signify a sustained uptrend, indicating bullish market sentiment. On the other hand, Red Bars indicate a persistent downtrend, representing bearish market sentiment. The transition from red to green denotes a bullish trend reversal, suggesting a shift from bearish to bullish sentiment. Conversely, the shift from green to red signals a bearish trend reversal, indicating a transition from bullish to bearish sentiment. By monitoring these color changes, traders can identify potential trend reversals and make informed trading decisions.
The presence of gray and black bars indicates a neutral market state, often observed before an impending color change from red to green or green to red. These neutral bars serve as a transition phase between the previous trend and the potential reversal.
The TRN Trend Bars Pro incorporate signal bars, distinguished by their distinct colors, to offer potential buy and sell signals and deeper insights into market dynamics.
Reversal Bars
The presence of blue Reversal Bars indicates a trend reversal to the upside, while pink Reversal Bars indicate a reversal to the downside. These bars not only serve as signals for potential trend shifts but also present favorable opportunities to enter the market or increase one's position size.
Continuation Bars
In addition to the reversal bars, the indicator also includes bullish continuation bars (colored turquoise) and bearish continuation bars (colored orange). These bars act as signals for the continuation of an existing trend. Like the reversal bars, they can be utilized as entry points or opportunities to augment one's position size.
Breakout Bars
The dark green breakout bars within TRN Trend Bars Pro show a powerful breakout from a price range detected by our integrated bar range feature. They signify the continuation or potential change in a trend following a consolidation phase. As such, these bars hold dual functionality, serving as reversal signals and validating the persistence of an ongoing trend.
Bar Ranges
The bar range feature automatically finds consolidations where the price range of several consecutives bars is rather small. The detection of the bar ranges includes among other things the overlapping percentage of these bars.
How to Use Price Ranges
Here are a few ways you can use the bar ranges in your trading:
Identify Support and Resistance Levels
The price ranges can help you identify key support and resistance levels on a chart. By observing price ranges and identifying these levels, you can make more informed decisions about entering or exiting trades.
Breakout Trading
Price ranges can also provide insights into potential breakout opportunities. Breakouts occur when the price breaks out of a defined range, signaling a potential shift in market sentiment and the start of a new trend. The Color highlighted Breakout Bars from the TRN Trend Bars Pro are signaling a powerful breakout of a price range. Traders can enter positions in the direction of the breakout and set appropriate stop-loss orders to manage risk. Note that not every price range is left by a powerful breakout.
Dynamic Trend
The Dynamic Trend combines elements from standard trend strength indicators (e.g. DI-, DI+, Parabolic SAR) and volatility indicators (e.g. ATR, Standard Deviation). It produces a moving average line that adapts to changing market volatility. It is inspired by the ideas of the programmer and trader Fat Tails. The adaptive behavior provides more relevant information for traders when compared to traditional moving averages which do not consider volatility and trend strength together. This makes the Dynamic Trend completely unique, and no other moving average indicator can give you this precision.
How to use Dynamic Trend
Generally, a rising Dynamic Trend line, displayed in green, indicates that an uptrend is strong, while a falling Dynamic Trend, displayed in red, suggests that the downtrend is sharp. The Dynamic Trend turns gray when there is insufficient clarity to establish a distinct trend and especially when there is not volatility in the market.
Identify potential trade entries and exits: When used in conjunction with price action, the Dynamic Trend can provide potential trade signals. For example, if the price crosses above the Dynamic Trend, it may be a bullish sign, suggesting a potential buy entry. Conversely, if the price crosses below the Dynamic Trend, it may indicate bearish conditions and a potential sell signal.
Trend Identification and Pullback trading
Observe the Dynamic Trend's color. When it's on the rise and appears green, it indicates a bullish trend. Conversely, if it's in decline and displayed in red, it signals a bearish trend.
If Dynamic Trend is green and price pulls from above back to the Dynamic Trend, then this can be considered as a bullish signal.
If Dynamic Trend is red and price pulls from below back to the Dynamic Trend, then this can be considered as a bearish signal.
In the event of a bearish signal, such as a bearish TRN Signal Bar, and the Dynamic Trend is red, it provides additional confirmation to the bearish signal. Likewise, bullish signals gain added conviction when the Dynamic Trend is green.
Crossovers
As with other moving averages, crossovers between the Dynamic Trend and the price can be significant.
If price is crossing above the Dynamic Trend, then this can be considered as a bullish signal.
If price is crossing below the Dynamic Trend, then this can be considered as a bearish signal.
If you currently hold a position, both bullish and bearish crossovers can serve as potential exit signals. For instance, in the case of a long position, a bearish crossover can indicate a potential shift in sentiment, signaling a bearish reversal and a potential opportunity to close your long position.
Filtering Noise
Due to its adaptive nature, the Dynamic Trend can be a useful tool to filter out market noise. When the market is choppy or consolidating, the Dynamic Trend tends to remain flat and colored gray, signaling traders to potentially stay out of the market.
Stop Losses
The Dynamic Trend can also be used as a dynamic stop loss. For instance, in a long trade, traders can use the Dynamic Trend as a trailing stop, selling their position if the price crosses below the Dynamic Trend.
Combining TRN Trend Bars Pro, Bar Ranges and Dynamic Trend together
Combining all three concepts gives you a crystal-clear picture of the market. The Dynamic Trend shows you the overall trend. If price pulls back to the dynamic trend line and then price picks up the trend direction again, then the TRN Trend Bars Pro immediately switches the color to the trend direction. Therefore, you can easily identify high probability entry signals based on the bar color.
As a simple trading model, you can set the stop loss below the last swing or below a TRN signal bar (vice versa for short entries) and use 2.5 R or 3 R as target.
You can increase the success rate of the high probability TRN signal bars entries even more if they are in line with the Dynamic Trend line.
On the other hand, the TRN Bar Ranges help you to stay out of the market in case the price does not really change. As a confluence signal to stay flat in this period the dynamic trend line tends to be grey as well. If the price breaks out of the range, then the indicator prints a breakout bar which serves as a high probability entry signal.
Although it is possible to switch off any of these concepts, it is highly recommended to use all three in combination to get a crystal-clear picture of the market.
Alerts
Experience the power of our TRN Trend Bars Pro alerts, delivering real-time notifications for trend changes, price range breakouts, and signal bar formations or confirmations. Stay on top of the market with these versatile alerts, customizable to your preferred assets and timeframes.
Conclusion
While signals from TRN Trend Bars Pro can be informative, it is important to recognize that their reliability may vary. Various external factors can impact market prices, and it is essential to consider your risk tolerance and investment goals when executing trades.
Risk Disclaimer
The content, tools, scripts, articles, and educational resources offered by TRN Trading are intended solely for informational and educational purposes. Remember, past performance does not ensure future outcomes.
KillZones & Sessions [TradingFinder] Volume | Asia, London & NY🔵 Introduction
🟣 Session
The forex market operates 24 hours a day, 5 days a week, with only Saturdays and Sundays being off; traders often focus on one of the forex trading sessions instead of trying to trade in all markets 24 hours a day.
Trading sessions are time intervals during which a specific financial market is active and trades are conducted. The Asia, London, and New York sessions are the most important trading sessions throughout the 24-hour period, during which a significant amount of money and liquidity enters the market.
🟣 Kill Zone
Traders in financial markets profit from the difference between the price at which they buy or sell and the current market price. Traders have different time horizons for trading.
Among these, some traders engage in daily or even hourly trading and must operate during times when the market has desirable trading volumes and significant price movements.
Kill zones are segments of a session with higher trading volumes and price fluctuations compared to the rest of the session.
🔵 How to Use
🟣 Session Time
The "Asia Session" consists of two sessions: "Sydney" and "Tokyo." The beginning of this session, according to the "UTC" time zone, is at 23:00 and ends at 06:00. Similarly, the beginning of the "Asia KillZone," according to the "UTC" time zone, is at 23:00, and it ends at 03:55.
The "London Session" consists of two sessions: "Frankfurt" and "London." The beginning of this session, according to the "UTC" time zone, is at 07:00, and it ends at 14:25. Similarly, the beginning of the "London KillZone," according to the "UTC" time zone, is at 07:00, and it ends at 09:55.
The beginning of the "New York am" session, according to the "UTC" time zone, is at 14:30, and it ends at 19:25. Similarly, the beginning of the "New York am KillZone," according to the "UTC" time zone, is at 14:30, and it ends at 16:55.
The beginning of the "New York pm" session, according to the "UTC" time zone, is at 19:30, and it ends at 22:55. Similarly, the beginning of the "New York pm KillZone," according to the "UTC" time zone, is at 19:30, and it ends at 20:55.
Important : To prevent session overlap, the working hours of each session have slightly changed.
🔵 Features
🟣 Simultaneous Session and Kill Zone
With this indicator, you can simultaneously view the kill zone and session. High and low lines are used to indicate sessions, while filled areas with color represent kill zones. If you do not want to see kill zones, you can turn off the display settings.
🟣 Candle, Time, and Volume
Using the "More Info" feature, you can see the number of candles, elapsed time, and traded volume within the colored filled area.
🔵 Settings
•Show More Info: To display "More Info," you need to turn on this feature and turn it off whenever you don't need it.
• You can also customize these settings for each session separately :
o Display or hide session.
o Choose session color.
o Set session time range.
o Display or hide kill zone.
o Set kill zone time range.
Range Average Retest Model [LuxAlgo]The Range Average Retest Model tool highlights setups from the range average retest entry model, a model using the retest of the average between two opposite swing points as an entry.
This tool uses long-term volatility coupled with user-defined multipliers to filter out swing areas and set take profit and stop loss levels for all trades.
Key features include:
Draw up to 165 swing areas and their associated trades
Filter out swing areas using Pivot Length , Selection Mode and Threshold parameters
Filter out trades with Maximum Distance and Minimum Distance parameters
Enable or disable swing areas and select default colors
Enable or disable overlapping trades and change the default colors for Take Profit and Stop Loss zones
🔶 USAGE
The "Range Average Retest Model" is an entry model that enters a position when the price retests the average made between two swing points. Users can determine the period of the detected swing points from the "Pivot Length" setting.
The conditions for long or short trades, regardless of whether the swing area is bullish or bearish, are as follows:
Long positions: the current bar close is below the swing area average and the last bar close was above it.
Short positions: the current bar close is above the swing area average price and the last bar close was below it.
Each trade is displayed on the chart with a line connecting it to its swing area highlighting the range average, a green area for the take profit, and a red area for the stop loss.
Both the Take Profit and Stop Loss levels are calculated by applying your own multiplier in the settings panel to the long-term volatility measure, in this case, the average true range over the last 200 bars.
Trades will remain open until they reach either the Stop Loss or Take Profit price levels.
🔹 Filtering Swing Areas
The daily chart of the Nasdaq-100 futures (NQ) with pivot length 2 and bullish selection mode: it only detects bullish swing areas, but they are smaller and more numerous.
Traders can manipulate the behavior of the swing areas from the settings panel.
The Selection mode will filter areas by bias: it will detect bullish areas, bearish areas, or both.
The Threshold parameter is applied to the long-term volatility to filter out areas where the average prices are too close together; the higher the value, the greater the difference between the average prices must be.
🔹 Trades
3-minute chart of the Nasdaq-100 futures (NQ) with pivot length 5, bearish selection mode maximum distance 4, and stop loss 2: many trades detected with very asymmetric risk/reward.
The behavior of the trades is also manipulated from the settings panel.
The maximum and minimum distance parameters specify the number of bars a trade must be away from a swing area.
The Take Profit and Stop Loss parameters are applied to the long-term volatility to obtain their respective price levels.
🔹 Overlapping Trades
Same chart as before, but with overlapping trades: messy, right?
By default the tool does not show overlapping trades, this allows for a cleaner chart.
In the settings panel traders can enable overlapping mode, in which case the tool will show all available trades.
Traders must be aware that the chart can be very crowded.
🔶 SETTINGS
🔹 Swings
Pivot Length: How many bars are used to confirm a swing point. The larger this parameter is, the larger and fewer swing areas will be detected.
Selection Mode: Swing area detection mode, detect only bullish swings, only bearish swings, or both.
Threshold: Swing area comparator. This threshold is multiplied by a measure of volatility (average true range over the last 200 bars), for a new swing area to be detected it must have an average level that is sufficiently distant from the average level of any untouched swing area, this parameter controls that distance.
🔹 Trades
Maximum distance: Maximum distance allowed between a swing area and a trade.
Minimum distance: Minimum distance allowed between a swing area and a trade.
Take profit: The size of the take profit - this threshold is multiplied by a measure of volatility (the average true range over the last 200 bars).
Stop loss: The size of the stop-loss: this threshold is multiplied by a measure of volatility (the average true range over the last 200 bars).
time_and_sessionA library that provides utilities for working with trading sessions and time-based conditions. Functions include session checks, date range checks, day-of-week matching, and session high/low calculations for daily, weekly, monthly, and yearly timeframes. This library streamlines time-related calculations and enhances time-based strategies and indicators.
Library "time_and_session"
Provides functions for checking time and session-based conditions and retrieving session-specific high and low values.
is_session(session, timeframe, timezone)
Checks if the current time is within the specified trading session
Parameters:
session (string) : The trading session, defined using input.session()
timeframe (string) : The timeframe to use, defaults to the current chart's timeframe
timezone (string) : The timezone to use, defaults to the symbol's timezone
Returns: A boolean indicating whether the current time is within the specified trading session
is_date_range(start_time, end_time)
Checks if the current time is within a specified date range
Parameters:
start_time (int) : The start time, defined using input.time()
end_time (int) : The end time, defined using input.time()
Returns: A boolean indicating whether the current time is within the specified date range
is_day_of_week(sunday, monday, tuesday, wednesday, thursday, friday, saturday)
Checks if the current day of the week matches any of the specified days
Parameters:
sunday (bool) : A boolean indicating whether to check for Sunday
monday (bool) : A boolean indicating whether to check for Monday
tuesday (bool) : A boolean indicating whether to check for Tuesday
wednesday (bool) : A boolean indicating whether to check for Wednesday
thursday (bool) : A boolean indicating whether to check for Thursday
friday (bool) : A boolean indicating whether to check for Friday
saturday (bool) : A boolean indicating whether to check for Saturday
Returns: A boolean indicating whether the current day of the week matches any of the specified days
daily_high(source)
Returns the highest value of the specified source during the current daily session
Parameters:
source (float) : The data series to evaluate, defaults to high
Returns: The highest value during the current daily session, or na if the timeframe is not suitable
daily_low(source)
Returns the lowest value of the specified source during the current daily session
Parameters:
source (float) : The data series to evaluate, defaults to low
Returns: The lowest value during the current daily session, or na if the timeframe is not suitable
regular_session_high(source, persist)
Returns the highest value of the specified source during the current regular trading session
Parameters:
source (float) : The data series to evaluate, defaults to high
persist (bool) : A boolean indicating whether to retain the last value outside of regular market hours, defaults to true
Returns: The highest value during the current regular trading session, or na if the timeframe is not suitable
regular_session_low(source, persist)
Returns the lowest value of the specified source during the current regular trading session
Parameters:
source (float) : The data series to evaluate, defaults to low
persist (bool) : A boolean indicating whether to retain the last value outside of regular market hours, defaults to true
Returns: The lowest value during the current regular trading session, or na if the timeframe is not suitable
premarket_session_high(source, persist)
Returns the highest value of the specified source during the current premarket trading session
Parameters:
source (float) : The data series to evaluate, defaults to high
persist (bool) : A boolean indicating whether to retain the last value outside of premarket hours, defaults to true
Returns: The highest value during the current premarket trading session, or na if the timeframe is not suitable
premarket_session_low(source, persist)
Returns the lowest value of the specified source during the current premarket trading session
Parameters:
source (float) : The data series to evaluate, defaults to low
persist (bool) : A boolean indicating whether to retain the last value outside of premarket hours, defaults to true
Returns: The lowest value during the current premarket trading session, or na if the timeframe is not suitable
postmarket_session_high(source, persist)
Returns the highest value of the specified source during the current postmarket trading session
Parameters:
source (float) : The data series to evaluate, defaults to high
persist (bool) : A boolean indicating whether to retain the last value outside of postmarket hours, defaults to true
Returns: The highest value during the current postmarket trading session, or na if the timeframe is not suitable
postmarket_session_low(source, persist)
Returns the lowest value of the specified source during the current postmarket trading session
Parameters:
source (float) : The data series to evaluate, defaults to low
persist (bool) : A boolean indicating whether to retain the last value outside of postmarket hours, defaults to true
Returns: The lowest value during the current postmarket trading session, or na if the timeframe is not suitable
weekly_high(source)
Returns the highest value of the specified source during the current weekly session. Can fail on lower timeframes.
Parameters:
source (float) : The data series to evaluate, defaults to high
Returns: The highest value during the current weekly session, or na if the timeframe is not suitable
weekly_low(source)
Returns the lowest value of the specified source during the current weekly session. Can fail on lower timeframes.
Parameters:
source (float) : The data series to evaluate, defaults to low
Returns: The lowest value during the current weekly session, or na if the timeframe is not suitable
monthly_high(source)
Returns the highest value of the specified source during the current monthly session. Can fail on lower timeframes.
Parameters:
source (float) : The data series to evaluate, defaults to high
Returns: The highest value during the current monthly session, or na if the timeframe is not suitable
monthly_low(source)
Returns the lowest value of the specified source during the current monthly session. Can fail on lower timeframes.
Parameters:
source (float) : The data series to evaluate, defaults to low
Returns: The lowest value during the current monthly session, or na if the timeframe is not suitable
yearly_high(source)
Returns the highest value of the specified source during the current yearly session. Can fail on lower timeframes.
Parameters:
source (float) : The data series to evaluate, defaults to high
Returns: The highest value during the current yearly session, or na if the timeframe is not suitable
yearly_low(source)
Returns the lowest value of the specified source during the current yearly session. Can fail on lower timeframes.
Parameters:
source (float) : The data series to evaluate, defaults to low
Returns: The lowest value during the current yearly session, or na if the timeframe is not suitable
Consolidation & Head and Shoulders ScannerHello Traders!
The Consolidation & Head and Shoulders Scanner utilizes a unique swing-based pattern recognition to pinpoint consolidation and (inverse) head and shoulders patterns in real-time with unparalleled precision.
The rectangle pattern, also known as a trading range or a consolidation pattern, is characterized by horizontal lines that act as support and resistance levels, creating a rectangular shape.
The head and shoulders chart pattern is a technical analysis pattern used to identify potential trend reversals in financial markets. It consists of three swing highs (peaks), with the middle peak being the highest and the two outside swing highs being slightly lower. The middle peak is referred to as the "head" and the two outside peaks are referred to as the "shoulders."
The pattern typically forms after an uptrend and is in most cases a bearish signal. The neckline is a support level that connects the lows of the two shoulders. Once the price breaks below the neckline, the pattern is confirmed, and a new down trend starts. Conversely, an "inverse head and shoulders" pattern forms after a downtrend and is a bullish signal.
The Consolidation & Head and Shoulders Scanner is designed to operate in a fully automated manner, detecting consolidation patterns, head and shoulders patterns and inverse head and shoulders patterns across the symbol and timeframe that you select. It grants you the ability to simultaneously scan for patterns across as many as 20 distinct symbols.
Feature List
Real-time consolidation and (inverse) head and shoulders pattern detection
Breakout alerts
Customizable pattern size and accuracy
Customizable look and feel
The value of this indicator is to support traders to easily identify consolidations and (inverse) head and shoulders patterns in an automated way and across many different markets at the same time. The special swing-based pattern recognition makes this indicator unique. The trader saves a lot of time scanning the markets for consolidation and head and shoulders patterns, since finding the pattern and alerting for a breakout is done automatically for the trader.
For a visualization of the detected patterns, you can add the TRN Consolidation and Range Pattern and the TRN Head and Shoulders Pattern indicators to your chart.
How does Consolidation & Head and Shoulders Scanner work?
On the right side of the chart, you can find a table displaying the symbols monitored by our scanner for pattern and breakout detection (first column). The table provides information on the status of each symbol.
ACTIVE – Pattern building up
UP – Upside Breakout
DN – Downside Breakout
UP CONF – Upside Breakout confirmed
DN CONF – Downside Breakout confirmed
FAILED – Pattern failed to get confirmed
This visual representation allows you to quickly identify the evolving pattern dynamics across different symbols, helping you stay informed and make timely trading decisions.
In the second and fifth column, the status of consolidation patterns with two different consolidation sizes gets displayed. In the third and fourth column, the status of detected long and short head and shoulders patterns is displayed. The same goes for column seven and eight but with a different head and shoulders size which is customizable in the settings.
The scanner operates specifically on the timeframe you have selected in TradingView, ensuring that the detected patterns and breakouts align precisely with your trading perspective. F If the scanner displays a pattern or a breakout, you just can switch to this instrument and start trading it if you like what you see.
Follow these instructions to discover how you can utilize the scanner for seamless and simplified chart pattern detection like never before:
Add Symbols
Go to indicator settings and scroll down to the "Symbols" section. The enabled symbols can be recognized by the check marks. Click on one of them and use the search function to add the symbol of your choice to the scanner. You can search for up to 20 different Symbols at the same time.
Use Alerts (optional but recommended)
You can also use the built-in alerts to easily get notified when a pattern occurs. In the indicator settings in the "Alerts" section you can choose whether you want to get notified when a pattern is
in the making (Pattern active),
confirms an up breakout (B/O Up Confirmed)
confirms a down breakout (B/O Down Confirmed)
(Unconfirmed) in case a pattern breakout occurs, even if the pattern is not yet confirmed
This allows you to stay informed about potential breakout opportunities that are still awaiting confirmation.
Customization and Settings
The indicator can scan for smaller and larger patterns at the same time. Adjust the consolidation and head and shoulders sizes in the indicator settings to align them with your preferences. A larger size results in larger patterns. Depending on the asset class, the market or the market phase, different sizes can be used for pattern detection.
To detect more patterns, increase the tolerance level, even though it may result in lower accuracy. However, be mindful that a higher tolerance level may result in more patterns hitting their stop-loss.
Risk Disclaimer
The content, tools, scripts, articles, and educational resources offered by TRN Trading are intended solely for informational and educational purposes. Remember, past performance does not ensure future outcomes.
Consolidation Score ScreenerIn trading, a consolidation range is like a timeout after a big move in the price of a stock or symbol.
It's when the market takes a breather, neither pushing the price up nor down too hard.
Visually, it looks like the price moving sideways on a chart , with highs and lows staying within a certain range.
so this indicator is created to help myself and you decide if its a ranging market and what's the score of that consolidation range
The score ranges between 0 and 10 , where 10 is the max consolidation score , meaning this stock or the symbol is at its highest peak of consolidation .
What would you see using this indicator ?
Symbols circles , inside these circles it will print the consolidation score ..
in the middle of the indicator it will show the range of all the 20 symbols scores .
so it will give you like overall ranging value for your 20 symbols
Settings :
TimeFrame : TimeFrame input to select which time frame you want your indicator to analysis
Range length : The Range that you would want your indicator to take into consideration when doing its analysis .
Features :
20 symbols analysis
Multi timeframe capability
Enjoy .
Consolidation and Range PatternHello Traders!
The TRN Consolidation and Range Pattern indicator utilizes a unique swing-based pattern recognition to pinpoint consolidation zones in real-time with unparalleled precision. The rectangle pattern, also known as a trading range or a consolidation pattern, is characterized by horizontal lines that act as support and resistance levels, creating a rectangular shape.
The value of this indicator is to support traders to easily identify consolidations and ranges. The special swing-based pattern recognition and the numerous built-in premium features make this indicator unique. Below, you'll find a list of these features.
Feature List
Real-time consolidation/range detection
Visualization of entry, stop-loss and take-profit levels
Pattern performance statistics
Calculation of risk rewards ratio
Risk Management
Breakout alerts
Customizable pattern size and accuracy
Customizable look and feel
The trader saves a lot of time scanning the markets for consolidation patterns, since everything is done automatically for the trader: Finding the consolidation, looking and alerting for a breakout, computing the entry, stop loss and take profit levels as well as handling the risk management and computing the optimal order quantity. Now, we describe how a combination of these features enhances the trading performance of confirmed consolidation patterns.
How to Trade with the TRN Consolidation and Range Pattern
Identify the Pattern
Add the TRN Consolidation and Range Pattern to your chart and look for the pattern on the asset and timeframe of your choice. The pattern is detected in real-time. If the pattern develops further in the next bars, then the indicator updates the consolidation zone until a breakout is confirmed.
You can also use the built-in alerts to easily get notified when a pattern occurs. In the indicator settings in the "Alerts" section you can choose whether you want to get notified when a pattern is in the making (Pattern active), confirms a breakout to the upside (B/O Up Confirmed) or confirms a breakout to the downside (B/O Down Confirmed). By selecting the "Unconfirmed" option, you will receive notifications when a pattern breakout occurs, even if it is not yet confirmed. This allows you to stay informed about potential breakout opportunities that are still awaiting confirmation.
Check Pattern Statistics
The pattern statistics make it easy for you to see how successful a pattern is on the asset and timeframe you are watching. You should always check them out before entering a trade. The chart displays the statistics in the upper right corner. These statistics are categorized into two sections: "long" for patterns with an upward breakout and "short" for patterns with a downward breakout.
In the initial columns, labeled as "short" and "long", the identified breakouts are further divided based on whether the risk-reward ratio (R) is below a specified value (< x) or equal to/greater than the specified value (>= x). The following columns represent the count of the events:
1. Occ. (Occurrence) categorized according to the values of R from the first column
2. TP1, TP2, TP3 (Take Profit) - targets 1, 2 and 3
3. SL (Stop Loss)
4. T/O (Time Out) - neither stop loss or targets where hit in a certain amount of time
Breakout – Entry, Stop Loss and Targets
The indicator automatically displays the entry price line (EP) in grey et the point where the price breaks through the resistance or support levels, indicating that the consolidation period is over. Once a breakout has been confirmed, place a buy order near the EP level for a long position, or a sell order for a short position. Set your stop-loss at the price level of the red stop-loss line (SL) and set your take-profits at the price level of the green take-profit-lines (TP1, TP2, TP3). Note that your risk-reward ratio (R) was calculated based on TP1.
Risk Management
The TRN Consolidation and Range Pattern comes with a built-in risk management feature. Just go to the settings and scroll down to the section "Risk Management".
Here you can enter your Account Size and the percentage you want to Risk when you enter a position after a pattern breakout.
In the "Trade Management" section, you have the option to define the minimum accepted risk-reward ratio for confirmed rectangles. This means that breakouts of patterns failing to meet the minimum risk-reward ratio will not be considered as confirmed signals.
If a breakout gets confirmed, the indicator automatically calculates the position size (Quantity). You can read the quantity from the gray entry point line (EP), which is located to the right of the risk-reward ratio (R).
Customization and Settings
The indicator can scan for smaller and larger patterns at the same time. Adjust the consolidation sizes in the indicator settings to align them with your preferences. A larger size results in larger consolidations. Depending on the asset class, the market or the market phase, different sizes can be used for the consolidation detection.
To detect more patterns, increase the tolerance level, even though it may result in lower accuracy. However, be mindful that a higher tolerance level may result in more patterns hitting their stop-loss. Look for a tolerance level that leads to favorable statistics and focus on trading patterns with a proven performance history.
Finally, you have the flexibility to customize various visual elements, such as the color of the pattern and whether to display values like price, target, or risk-reward ratio on your chart. You can also choose where these values appear.
Computation Details
The real-time detection of the consolidations and ranges utilizes a unique swing-based pattern recognition. The difference to other swing-based computations is that the pivot points are identified without a look-ahead value. The result is a faster and better real-time detection. Furthermore, the detection of equal lows or highs which form a support or resistance level is based on a dynamic volatility measurement similar to the ATR. The tolerance level unites several internal parameters into one and results in a user-friendly setting.
Risk Disclaimer
The content, tools, scripts, articles, and educational resources offered by TRN Trading are intended solely for informational and educational purposes. Remember, past performance does not ensure future outcomes.
TRN BarsThe innovative TRN Bars are designed to help traders to analyze markets in an intuitive way. It combines three core concepts:
TRN Bars to see the current trend and reversals (replaces the default chart bars)
Bar Ranges to highlight consolidations
Dynamic Trend to see the overall trend.
First, let's have a look at each of these concepts individually. Afterwards, we describe how a combination of all three gives you a crystal-clear picture of the market.
TRN Bars
They show bullish and bearish trends and reversals based on color coding the bars and give high probability trade opportunities with special colors. The trend analysis is based on a new algorithm that includes several different inputs:
classical and advanced bar patterns and their statistical frequency
probability distributions of price expansions after certain bar patterns
bar information such as wick length in %, overlapping of the previous bar in % and many more
historical trend and consolidation analysis
The algorithm weighs these concepts and outputs a color scheme for the chart bars or candlesticks.
Bar Types
Trend bars in green and red
Reversal Bars in blue and fuchsia
Continuation Bars in turquoise and orange
Breakout Bars in dark green and pink
Green Bars signify a sustained uptrend, indicating bullish market sentiment. On the other hand, Red Bars indicate a persistent downtrend, representing bearish market sentiment. The transition from red to green denotes a bullish trend reversal, suggesting a shift from bearish to bullish sentiment. Conversely, the shift from green to red signals a bearish trend reversal, indicating a transition from bullish to bearish sentiment. By monitoring these color changes, traders can identify potential trend reversals and make informed trading decisions.
The presence of gray and black bars indicates a neutral market state, often observed before an impending color change from red to green or green to red. These neutral bars serve as a transition phase between the previous trend and the potential reversal.
The TRN Bars incorporate Signal Bars, distinguished by their distinct colors, to offer potential buy and sell signals and deeper insights into market dynamics.
Reversal Bars
The presence of blue Reversal Bars indicates a trend reversal to the upside, while pink Reversal Bars indicate a reversal to the downside. These bars not only serve as signals for potential trend shifts but also present favorable opportunities to enter the market or increase one's position size.
Continuation Bars
In addition to the reversal bars, TRN Bars also include bullish continuation bars (colored turquoise) and bearish continuation bars (colored orange). These bars act as signals for the continuation of an existing trend. Like the reversal bars, they can be utilized as entry points or opportunities to augment one's position size.
Breakout Bars
The dark green breakout bars within TRN Bars show a powerful breakout from a price range detected by our integrated bar range feature. They signify the continuation or potential change in a trend following a consolidation phase. As such, these bars hold dual functionality, serving as reversal signals and validating the persistence of an ongoing trend.
Bar Ranges
The bar range feature automatically finds consolidations where the price range of several consecutives bars is rather small. The detection of the bar ranges includes among other things the overlapping percentage of these bars.
How to Use Price Ranges
Here are a few ways you can use the bar ranges in your trading:
Identify Support and Resistance Levels
The price ranges can help you identify key support and resistance levels on a chart. By observing price ranges and identifying these levels, you can make more informed decisions about entering or exiting trades.
Breakout Trading
Price ranges can also provide insights into potential breakout opportunities. Breakouts occur when the price breaks out of a defined range, signaling a potential shift in market sentiment and the start of a new trend. The Color highlighted Breakout Bars from the TRN Bars are signaling a powerful breakout of a price range. Traders can enter positions in the direction of the breakout and set appropriate stop-loss orders to manage risk. Note that not every price range is left by a powerful breakout.
Dynamic Trend
The Dynamic Trend combines elements from standard trend strength indicators (e.g. DI-, DI+, Parabolic SAR) and volatility indicators (e.g. ATR, Standard Deviation). It produces a moving average line that adapts to changing market volatility. It is inspired by the ideas of the programmer and trader Fat Tails. The adaptive behavior provides more relevant information for traders when compared to traditional moving averages which do not consider volatility and trend strength together. This makes the Dynamic Trend completely unique, and no other moving average indicator can give you this precision.
How to use Dynamic Trend
Generally, a rising Dynamic Trend line, displayed in green, indicates that an uptrend is strong, while a falling Dynamic Trend, displayed in red, suggests that the downtrend is sharp. The Dynamic Trend turns gray when there is insufficient clarity to establish a distinct trend and especially when there is not volatility in the market.
Identify potential trade entries and exits: When used in conjunction with price action, the Dynamic Trend can provide potential trade signals. For example, if the price crosses above the Dynamic Trend, it may be a bullish sign, suggesting a potential buy entry. Conversely, if the price crosses below the Dynamic Trend, it may indicate bearish conditions and a potential sell signal.
Trend Identification and Pullback trading
Observe the Dynamic Trend's color. When it's on the rise and appears green, it indicates a bullish trend. Conversely, if it's in decline and displayed in red, it signals a bearish trend.
If Dynamic Trend is green and price pulls from above back to the Dynamic Trend, then this can be considered as a bullish signal.
If Dynamic Trend is red and price pulls from below back to the Dynamic Trend, then this can be considered as a bearish signal.
In the event of a bearish signal, such as a bearish TRN Signal Bar, and the Dynamic Trend is red, it provides additional confirmation to the bearish signal. Likewise, bullish signals gain added conviction when the Dynamic Trend is green.
Crossovers
As with other moving averages, crossovers between the Dynamic Trend and the price can be significant.
If price is crossing above the Dynamic Trend, then this can be considered as a bullish signal.
If price is crossing below the Dynamic Trend, then this can be considered as a bearish signal.
If you currently hold a position, both bullish and bearish crossovers can serve as potential exit signals. For instance, in the case of a long position, a bearish crossover can indicate a potential shift in sentiment, signaling a bearish reversal and a potential opportunity to close your long position.
Filtering Noise
Due to its adaptive nature, the Dynamic Trend can be a useful tool to filter out market noise. When the market is choppy or consolidating, the Dynamic Trend tends to remain flat and colored gray, signaling traders to potentially stay out of the market.
Stop Losses
The Dynamic Trend can also be used as a dynamic stop loss. For instance, in a long trade, traders can use the Dynamic Trend as a trailing stop, selling their position if the price crosses below the Dynamic Trend.
Combining TRN Bars, Bar Ranges and Dynamic Trend together
Combining all three concepts gives you a crystal-clear picture of the market. The Dynamic Trend shows you the overall trend. If price pulls back to the dynamic trend line and then price picks up the trend direction again, then the TRN Bars immediately switch the color to the trend direction. Therefore, you can easily identify high probability entry signals based on the bar color.
As a simple trading model, you can set the stop loss below the last swing or below a TRN signal bar (vice versa for short entries) and use 2.5 R or 3 R as target.
You can increase the success rate of the high probability TRN signal bars entries even more if they are in line with the Dynamic Trend line.
On the other hand, the TRN Bar Ranges help you to stay out of the market in case the price does not really change. As a confluence signal to stay flat in this period the dynamic trend line tends to be grey as well. If the price breaks out of the range, then the TRN Bars print a breakout bar which serves as a high probability entry signal.
Although it is possible to switch off any of these concepts, it is highly recommended to use all three in combination to get a crystal-clear picture of the market.
Alerts
Experience the power of our TRN Bars Alerts, delivering real-time notifications for trend changes, price range breakouts, and signal bar formations or confirmations. Stay on top of the market with these versatile alerts, customizable to your preferred assets and timeframes.
Conclusion
While signals from TRN Bars can be informative, it is important to recognize that their reliability may vary. Various external factors can impact market prices, and it is essential to consider your risk tolerance and investment goals when executing trades.
Range Finder [UAlgo]🔶 Description:
The "Range Finder " indicator aims at identifying and visualizing price ranges within a specified number of candles. By utilizing the Average True Range (ATR) indicator and Simple Moving Average (SMA), it detects potential breakout conditions and tracks consecutive candles that remain within the breakout range. This indicator offers flexibility by allowing users to customize settings such as range length, method for determining range breaks (based on either candle close or wick), and visualization options for displaying range breaks on the chart.
🔶 Key Features
Identifying Ranges: The Range Finder automatically adapts to the market by continuously evaluating the Average True Range (ATR) and its Simple Moving Average (SMA). This helps in dynamically adjusting the range based on market volatility.
Range Length: Users can specify the number of candles to be used for constructing the range via the "Range Length" input setting. This allows for customization based on trading strategies and preferences.
Range Break Method: The indicator offers the flexibility to choose between two methods for identifying range breaks. Users can select between "Close" or "Wick" based on their preference for using the closing price or the highs and lows (including wicks) of candles for defining the breakout.
Show Range Breaks: This option enables visual representation of range breaks on the chart. When activated, labels with the letter "B" will appear at the breakout point, colored according to the breakout direction (upward breakouts in the chosen up range color and downward breakouts in the chosen down range color).
Range Color Customization: The indicator provides the ability to personalize the visual appearance of the range by selecting preferred colors for ranges indicating potential upward and downward breakouts.
🔶 Disclaimer
It's important to understand that the Range Finder indicator is intended for informational purposes only and should not be solely relied upon for making trading decisions. Trading financial instruments involves inherent risks, and past performance is not necessarily indicative of future results.
Volatility Filter v2VF v2 is a new iteration of my tool designed for traders who wish to gain a deeper understanding of market dynamics, specifically to distinguish periods of high volatility, which often correspond to strong market trends. By identifying these periods, traders can make more informed decisions, potentially leading to better trading outcomes.
Understanding Market Volatility:
At the heart of this script lies the concept of market volatility, a statistical measure reflecting the degree of variation in trading prices. Volatility is pivotal for traders; it provides insights into the market's emotional state, indicating periods of uncertainty or confidence. High volatility often correlates with strong trends, making it a critical indicator for trend-followers. By identifying when volatility crosses a certain threshold, traders can discern whether the market is likely to be in a trending phase or a more subdued, range-bound state.
How the Script Works:
The core functionality of the script revolves around a signal line that oscillates around a zero threshold. When the signal line is above zero, it indicates increased market volatility, suggesting the presence of a trend. The farther the oscillator deviates from zero, the stronger the implied trend. This mechanism enables traders to visually gauge market conditions and adjust their strategies accordingly.
Controlling the Indicator:
To cater to diverse trading styles and preferences, the script is equipped with several customizable settings:
Filter Threshold: This 'zero line' acts as the baseline for distinguishing between different volatility regimes. Crossing this threshold is a primary signal for changes in market volatility.
Moving Average Type: With over 30 types of moving averages to choose from, traders can select the one that best fits their analysis style. Each type offers a different perspective on price data, allowing for a tailored approach to trend identification.
Colorize Indicator: This feature enhances the visual representation of the indicator, making it easier to interpret. When enabled, the oscillator's color intensity varies with its proximity to the extremes, providing a quick visual cue about trend strength.
Advanced Settings – Length and Multiplier:
The script introduces an innovative approach to time frame analysis through its length and multiplier settings:
Length: This parameter sets the base period for all metrics within the script, similar to traditional indicators.
Multiplier: This unique feature differentiates the script by incorporating three distinct timeframes into the analysis: a lower timeframe, the main (current) timeframe, and a higher timeframe. The multiplier adjusts these timeframes relative to the main one. For instance, with a daily main timeframe and a multiplier of 2, the lower timeframe would be 12 hours, and the higher timeframe would be 2 days. This tri-timeframe approach aims to provide a more comprehensive volatility assessment.
Volatility Filter Indicators Section:
The script utilizes nine different, undisclosed metrics within its volatility filter. Traders have the flexibility to enable or disable these metrics based on their preferences, allowing for a customizable trading experience. Additionally, the script offers alert functionality for when the indicator crosses the threshold, either upwards or downwards, facilitating timely decision-making.
P.S
With better understanding of markets over time, I designed a new iteration of my volatility filter indicator. The second version provides faster, more precise way to analyze markets, but I also wanted to keep my first version untouched in case if some people find it better for their purposes. As I mentioned above, this version is calculated in a very different way from a previous one, so if you never tried it you can do it here
CoT artificial by Oster and Freundl (CoF)Overview:
CoF , short for "CoT artificial by Oster and Freundl", presents a novel approach to market analysis, inspired by the traditional Commitments of Traders (CoT) Index . Based on the artificial CoT calculation according to Freundl and Oster (explained below), this indicator provides traders with a versatile tool applicable across various markets, including individual stocks. Unlike its predecessor, CoF offers flexibility in its application, accommodating traders with different investment horizons, whether they operate on weekly, daily, hourly, or even minute candlesticks. By adjusting the period length in the settings, users can fine-tune the sensitivity of CoF to capture buy or sell signals, albeit with differing signal qualities. Additionally, CoF is equipped with alert functionalities, enhancing its usability for traders seeking timely market insights.
Sophisticated Calculation Methodology:
CoF derives its insights from a sophisticated calculation methodology, leveraging price range and price movement metrics to assess market dynamics. The indicator computes the ratio between the moving averages of price movement and price range over a specified period. This ratio, once normalized and scaled to a 0-100 range , provides traders with a quantifiable measure of market sentiment. Notably, CoF's calculation method, while nuanced, ensures accessibility and usability for traders seeking actionable insights without delving into complex mathematical formulations.
Interpretation:
CoF-Index, represented on the chart, offers traders insights into market sentiment dynamics . Values below the sell threshold indicate potential selling pressure, triggering sell alerts to alert traders to potential downturns. Conversely, values exceeding the buy threshold signal buying opportunities, prompting buy alerts for traders to capitalize on potential market upswings. By aligning these interpretations with the trader's investment strategy, CoF aids in decision-making processes, offering nuanced perspectives on market movements.
Dynamic Color Coding for Visual Clarity:
To enhance user experience and facilitate quick decision-making, CoF incorporates dynamic color coding . Market conditions favoring selling are denoted by red hues, while those conducive to buying are highlighted in green. Neutral conditions, indicative of balanced market sentiment, are represented in neutral colors. This intuitive visual feedback enables traders to swiftly identify market opportunities and risks, empowering them to make informed trading decisions.
Customizable Parameters for Tailored Analysis:
Acknowledging the diverse trading preferences and strategies of its users, CoF offers customizable parameters . Traders can adjust the period length to fine-tune the indicator's sensitivity to their desired level, balancing the frequency and quality of signals according to their trading objectives. Additionally, CoF's alert functionalities allow traders to set personalized thresholds, aligning with their risk tolerance and market outlook.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, CoF emerges as a valuable addition to the trader's toolkit, offering a versatile and accessible approach to market analysis. Built upon a foundation of sophisticated calculation methodologies, CoF provides traders with actionable insights into market sentiment across various timeframes and asset classes . Its intuitive visualizations, coupled with customizable parameters and alert functionalities, empower traders to navigate dynamic market conditions with confidence. Importantly, the CoF index offers traders the flexibility to employ a synthetically calculated method, inspired by the classic CoT-Index, regardless of market or investment horizon . Whether you're a seasoned investor or a novice trader, CoF equips you with the tools needed to stay ahead in today's competitive markets.
Shadow Range IndexShadow Range Index (SRI) introduces a new concept to calculate momentum, shadow range.
What is range?
Traditionally, True Range (TR) is the current high minus the current low of each bar in the timeframe. This is often used successfully on its own in indicators, or as a moving average in ATR (Average True Range).
To calculate range, SRI uses an innovative calculation of current bar range that also considers the previous bar. It calculates the difference between its maximum upward and maximum downward values over the number of bars the user chooses (by adjusting ‘Range lookback’).
What is shadow range?
True Range (TR) uses elements in its calculation (the highs and lows of the bar) that are also visible on the chart bars. Shadow range does not, though.
SRI calculates shadow range in a similar formula to range, except that this time it works out the difference between the minimum upward and minimum downward movement. This movement is by its nature less than the maximums, hence a shadow of it. Although more subtle, shadow range is significant, because it is quantifiable, and goes in one direction or another.
Finally, SRI smoothes shadow range and plots it as a histogram, and also smoothes and plots range as a signal line. Useful up and down triangles show trend changes, which optionally colour the chart bars.
Here’s an example of a long trade setup:
In summary, Shadow Range Index identifies and traces maximum and minimum bar range movement both up and down, and plots them as centred oscillators. The dynamics between the two can provide insights into the chart's performance and future direction.
Credit to these authors, whose MA or filters form part of this script:
@balipour - Super Smoother MA
@cheatcountry - Hann window smoothing
@AlgoAlpha - Gaussian filter
itradesize /\ IPDA Look Back - for any timeframeThe script automatically calculates the 20-40-60 look-back periods and their premium and discount ranges.
The base concept is from ICT’s IPDA which should be applied to the daily timeframe but now you can use that same concept on the lower timeframes .
The higher the timeframes you use the more reliable it will be ( when we are talking about lower timeframes than Daily ).
- With the use of the indicator you can apply it on any timeframe with ease.
- You can customize the coloring of premium & discount, frame lines, and even the look of it.
- Hide or show the EQ levels
Below the IPDA texts the indicator shows the actual percentage of the selected range based on the current price fluctuations.
The script handles the 20-40-60 days look-back as fractals so it can be applied on lower timeframes.
The basics:
- The Interbank Price Delivery Algorithm (IPDA): The algorithm creates a shift on the daily chart every 20, 40, and 60 trading days.
- These are the IPDA look-back periods. Every 20 trading days or so there is a new liquidity pool forming on both sides of the market based on ICT concepts.
- Determine the IPDA Data Range of the land 20 trading days.
- Note the highest high & lowest low in the past 20 trading days. Identify the institutional order flow and mark the relevant PD arrays in the selected IPDA look-back period we deemed useful for our trading style.
- This is your current dealing range.
- If the price consolidates for 20 days, consider switching to a 40-day look back.
Inside this dealing range, we look for the next draw on liquidity. Is it reaching for a liquidity pool or is it looking to rebalance at a particular PD Array. This is going to the Bias.
Which IPDA data range should you use?
IPDA20 can be our Short Term range - fit for intraday traders at most
IPDA40 can be our Swing Trade range - have a clear indication of the market profile
IPDA60 can be our range for position trading - have a clear indication of the market profile
Opening RangeThe opening range or first 30 minutes of trading during the day sets the tone and becomes an important reference through the rest of the day. Price will react as it reaches the high and low of the opening range.
Backtesting has shown that the strategies based on the opening range have merit and provide an edge in trading. By not being aware of these points of reference you put yourself at risk.
In addition to the opening range, the distance from the high or low of the opening range plus the width of the opening range forms another important reference point.
Opening Range Rules.
Price must break out of the opening range in order to have a trending day. As long as price is inside the opening range, expect the trade to be choppy.
Once price leaves the opening range the market can begin to trend. However, before it trends most times it will retest the boundary of the opening range. This is a critical point, and a better than average entry for a position to join the trend. However, if price closes back inside the opening range watch out. Re-entry to the opening range has a high probability of going to the middle of the opening range, and a better than average probability of crossing the entire opening range.
In the above chart we can see price broke below the opening range then returned to retest the opening range before beginning a downward trend that delivered 175 pts on NQ.
Upon re-entering the opening range price tried to break down again but ultimately traveled up until it hit the 50% mark of the opening range.
Once a trend has begun the first target is the green line which is 1 width of the opening range outside of the opening range.
Once price broke out of the opening range to the upside, it came back to retest the opening range high, before beginning an uptrend that delivered 120 pts on NQ.
VWAP RangeThe VWAP Range indicator is a highly versatile and innovative tool designed with trading signals for trading the supply and demand within consolidation ranges.
What's a VWAP?
A VWAP (Volume Weighted Average Price) represents an equilibrium point in the market, balancing supply and demand over a specified period. Unlike simple moving averages, VWAP gives more weight to periods with higher volume. This is crucial because large volumes indicate significant trading activity, often by institutional traders, whose actions can reflect deeper market insights or create substantial market movements. The VWAP is also often used as a benchmark to evaluate the efficiency of executed trades. If a trader buys below the VWAP and sells above it, they are generally considered to have transacted favourably.
This is how it works:
Multiple VWAP Anchors:
This indicator uses multiple VWAPs anchored to different optional time periods, such as Daily, Weekly, Monthly, as well as to the highest high a lowest low within those periods. This multiplicity allows for a comprehensive view of the market’s average price based on volume and price, tailored to different trading styles and strategies.
Dynamic and Fixed Periods:
Traders can choose between using dynamic ranges, which reset at the start of each selected period, and specifying a date and time for a particular fixed range to trade. This flexibility is crucial for analyzing price movements within specific ranges or market phases.
Fixed ranges allow VWAPs to be calculated and anchored to a significant market event, the beginning of a consolidation phase or after a major news announcement.
Signal Generation:
The indicator generates buy and sell signals based on the relationship of the price to the VWAPs. It also allows for setting a maximum number of signals in one direction to avoid overtrading or pyramiding. Be sure to wait for the candle close before trading on the signals.
Average Buy/Sell Signal Lines:
Lines can be plotted to display the average buy and sell signal prices. The difference between the lines shows the average profit per trade when trading on the signals in that range. It's a good way to see how profitable a range is on average without backtesting the signals. The lines will also often turn into support and resistance areas, similar to value areas in a volume profile.
Customizable Settings:
Traders have control over various settings, such as the VWAP calculation method and bar color. There are also tooltips for every function.
Hidden Feature:
There's a subtle feature in this indicator: if you have 'Indicator values' turned on in TradingView, you'll see a Sell/Buy Ratio displayed only in the status line. This ratio indicates whether there are more sell signals than buy signals in a range, regardless of the Max Signals setting. A red value above 1 suggests that the market is trending upward, indicating you might want to hold your long positions a bit longer. Conversely, a green value below 1 implies a downward trend.
Bit Rocket - Grid Bot Transactions 1.0DESCRIPTION
A grid bot is an automated trading bot that is designed to execute buy and sell orders based on a pre-defined grid of prices. Grid bots operate within a specified price range, placing trades at set intervals above and below the current market price. The key idea behind a grid bot is to take advantage of price fluctuations and market volatility.
The Grid Bot Transactions Indicator serves as a valuable tool for identifying the most suitable trading pairs and optimizing the grid bot percentage, also known as the grid level configuration. This indicator assists in the selection of pairs that are likely to yield the best results and aids in determining the ideal configuration for grid bot trading.
USAGE
NUMBER OF TRANSACTIONS - will calculate the number of times the price moves up and down by the grid level percentage for a particular trading pair. Each move up and down is counted as a transaction, total transactions are then calculated from the date range set by the user.
RANGE - number represents the swing from the highest price to the lowest price during the date range set by the user, this will assist in determining what grid range could be used when configuring the grid bot.
GRID STEP (%) - This is the distance for each buy and sell set by the user, for example if the grid step % is set at 2% then for each 2% move up or down that occurs will count as one transaction. Try different grid step percentages to see what percentage produces the best results, too high and transactions will lower but profit per sell transaction will be greater, too small results in higher trading fees and lower profit per sell transaction. Using 1.5% - 5% for the grid step will make the most sense.
Armed with this knowledge the user can now compare against other pairs, determine the optimum grid level percentage, which pairs have more transactions, and determine transaction trend.
SETUP
When you first add the indicator to the chart you will see a pop-up reminding you to set the From Date Time for Bit Rocket Grid Bot Transactions 1.0, just click anywhere on the chart to add.
1. Change timeframe to 30m
2. Under Inputs – Grid Settings change the From Date & Time field
3. Under Inputs – Grid Settings change Size of Grid % or leave at default 2.5%
4. If grid and buy and sell symbols are in the way, go to ‘Style’ tab and turn off all the signals and Lines options.
Fractal Consolidations [Pro+]Introduction:
Fractal Consolidations Pro+ pushes the boundaries of Algorithmic Price Delivery Analysis. Tailored for traders seeking precision and efficiency to unlock hidden insights, this tool empowers you to dissect market Consolidations on your terms, live, in all asset classes.
What is a Fractal Consolidation?
Consolidations occur when price is trading in a range. Normally, Consolidation scripts use a static number of "lookback candles", checking whether price is continuously trading inside the highest and lowest price points of said Time window.
After years spent studying price action and numerous programming attempts, this tool succeeds in veering away from the lookback candle approach. This Consolidation script harnesses the delivery mechanisms and Time principles of the Interbank Price Delivery Algorithm (IPDA) to define Fractal Consolidations – solely based on a Timeframe Input used for context.
Description:
This concept was engineered around price delivery principles taught by the Inner Circle Trader (ICT). As per ICT, it's integral for an Analyst to understand the four phases of price delivery: Consolidation , Expansion , Retracement , and Reversal .
According to ICT, any market movement originates from a Consolidation, followed by an Expansion .
When Consolidation ranges begin to break and resting liquidity is available, cleaner Expansions will take place. This tool's value is to visually aid Analysts and save Time in finding Consolidations in live market conditions, to take advantage of Expansion moves.
CME_MINI:ES1! 15-Minute Consolidation setting up an Expansion move, on the 10 Minute Chart:
Fractal Consolidations Pro+ doesn't only assist in confirming Higher Timeframe trend continuations and exposing opportunities on Lower Timeframes. It's also designed for both advanced traders and new traders to save Time and energy in navigating choppy or rangebound environments.
CME_MINI:ES1! 30 Minute Consolidation forming Live, on the 5 Minute Chart:
By analyzing past price action, traders will find algorithmic signatures when Consolidations are taking place, therefore providing a clearer view of where and when price is likely to contract, continue consolidating, breakout, retrace, or reverse. A prominent signature to consider when using this script is ICT's Market Maker Buy/Sell Models. These signatures revolve around the engineering of Consolidations to manipulate price in a specific direction, to then reverse at the appropriate Time. Each stage of the Market Maker Model can be identified and taken advantage of using Fractal Consolidations.
CME_MINI:NQ1! shift of the Delivery Curve from a Sell Program to a Buy Program, Market Maker Buy Model
Key Features:
Tailored Timeframes: choose the Timeframe that suits your model. Whether you're a short-term enthusiast eyeing 1 Hour Consolidations or a long-term trend follower analyzing 4 Hour Consolidations, this tool gives you the freedom to choose.
FOREXCOM:EURUSD Fractal Consolidations on a 15 Minute Chart:
Auto-Timeframe Convenience: for those who prefer a more dynamic and adaptive approach, our Auto Timeframe feature effortlessly adjusts to the most relevant Timeframe, ensuring you stay on top of market consolidations without manually adjusting settings.
Consolidation Types: define consolidations as contractions of price based on either its wick range or its body range.
COMEX:GC1! 4 Hour Consolidation differences between Wick-based and Body-based on a 1 Hour Chart:
Filtering Methods: combine previous overlapping Consolidations, merging them into one uniform Consolidation. This feature is subject to repainting only while a larger Consolidation is forming , as smaller Consolidations are confirmed. However once established, the larger Consolidation will not repaint .
FOREXCOM:GBPUSD 15 Minute Consolidation Differences between Filter Consolidations ON and OFF:
IPDA Data Range Filtering: this feature gives the Analyst control for selective visibility of Consolidations in the IPDA Data Range Lookback . The Analyst can choose between 20, 40, and 60 days as per ICT teachings, or manually adjust through Override.
INDEX:BTCUSD IPDA40 Data Range vs. IPDA20 Data Range:
Extreme Float: this feature provides reference points when the price is outside the highest or lowest liquidity levels in the chosen IPDA Data Range Lookback. These Open Float Extremes offer critical insights when the market extends beyond the Lookback Consolidation Liquidity Levels . This feature helps identify liquidity extremes of interest that IPDA will consider, which is crucial for traders in understanding market movements beyond the IPDA Data Ranges.
INDEX:ETHUSD Extreme Float vs. Non-Extreme Float Liquidity:
IPDA Override: the Analyst can manually override the default settings of the IPDA Data Range Lookback, enabling more flexible and customized analysis of market data. This is particularly useful for focusing on recent price actions in Lower Timeframes (like viewing the last 3 days on a 1-minute timeframe) or for incorporating a broader data range in Higher Timeframes (like using 365 days to analyze Weekly Consolidations on a daily timeframe).
Liquidity Insight: gain a deeper understanding of market liquidity through customizable High Resistance Liquidity Run (HRLR) and Low Resistance Liquidity Run (LRLR) Consolidation colors. This feature helps distinguishing between HRLR (high resistance, delayed price movement) and LRLR (low resistance, smooth price movement) Consolidations, aiding in quick assessment of market liquidity types.
TVC:DXY Low Resistance vs. High Resistance Consolidation Liquidity Behaviour and Narrative:
Liquidity Raid Type: decide whether to categorize a Consolidation liquidity raid by a wick or body trading through a level.
CBOT:ZB1! Wick vs. Body Liquidity Raid Type:
Customizable User Interface: tailor the visual representation to align with your preferences. Personalize your trading experience by adjusting the colors of consolidation liquidity (highs and lows) and equilibrium, as well as line styles.
Monday range by MatboomThe "Monday Range" Pine Script indicator calculates and displays the lowest and highest prices during a specified trading session, focusing on Mondays. Users can configure the trading session parameters, such as start and end times and time zone. The indicator visually highlights the session range on the chart by plotting the session low and high prices and applying a background color within the session period. The customizable days of the week checkboxes allow users to choose which days the indicator should consider for analysis.
Session Configuration:
session = input.session("0000-0000", title="Trading Session")
timeZone = input.string("UTC", title="Time Zone")
monSession = input.bool(true, title="Mon ", group="Trading Session", inline="d1")
tueSession = input.bool(true, title="Tue ", group="Trading Session", inline="d1")
Users can configure the trading session start and end times and the time zone.
Checkboxes for Monday (monSession) and Tuesday (tueSession) sessions are provided.
SessionLow and SessionHigh Functions:
SessionLow(sessionTime, sessionTimeZone=syminfo.timezone) => ...
SessionHigh(sessionTime, sessionTimeZone=syminfo.timezone) => ...
Custom functions to calculate the lowest (SessionLow) and highest (SessionHigh) prices during a specified trading session.
InSession Function:
InSession(sessionTimes, sessionTimeZone=syminfo.timezone) => ...
Determines if the current bar is inside the specified trading session.
Days of Week String and Session String:
sessionDays = ""
if monSession
sessionDays += "2"
if tueSession
sessionDays += "3"
tradingSession = session + ":" + sessionDays
Constructs a string representing the selected days of the week for the session.
Fetch Session Low and High:
sessLow = SessionLow(tradingSession, timeZone)
sessHigh = SessionHigh(tradingSession, timeZone)
Calls the custom functions to obtain the session low and high prices.
Plot Session Low and High and Background Color for Session
plot(sessLow, color=color.red, title="Session Low")
plot(sessHigh, color=color.red, title="Session Low")
bgcolor(InSession(tradingSession, timeZone) ? color.new(color.aqua, 90) : na)
"Daily Range with Filtre [Hunter_Algo]
- The script calculates the high and low ranges based on the specified session time, such as the Asia Liquidity session.
- It uses the timeinrange function to determine if the current bar is within the specified session.
- High and low values are updated based on whether the current high or low surpasses the previous values within the specified session.
- The script includes functions to convert day strings to integers and style strings to enumeration values.
- There are additional inputs related to the start and end of the day range, as well as colors and styles for various elements.
- The script calculates daily high (Dh), daily low (Dl), and other variables based on certain conditions, including the day of the week.
