lib_no_delayLibrary "lib_no_delay"
This library contains modifications to standard functions that return na before reaching the bar of their 'length' parameter.
That is because they do not compromise speed at current time for correct results in the past. This is good for live trading in short timeframes but killing applications on Monthly / Weekly timeframes if instruments, like in crypto, do not have extensive history (why would you even trade the monthly on a meme coin ... not my decision).
Also, some functions rely on source (value at previous bar), which is not available on bar 1 and therefore cascading to a na value up to the last bar ... which in turn leads to a non displaying indicator and waste of time debugging this)
Anyway ... there you go, let me know if I should add more functions.
sma(source, length)
Parameters:
source (float) : Series of values to process.
length (simple int) : Number of bars (length).
Returns: Simple moving average of source for length bars back.
ema(source, length)
Parameters:
source (float) : Series of values to process.
length (simple int) : Number of bars (length).
Returns: (float) The exponentially weighted moving average of the source.
rma(source, length)
Parameters:
source (float) : Series of values to process.
length (simple int) : Number of bars (length).
Returns: Exponential moving average of source with alpha = 1 / length.
atr(length)
Function atr (average true range) returns the RMA of true range. True range is max(high - low, abs(high - close ), abs(low - close )). This adapted version extends ta.atr to start without delay at first bar and deliver usable data instead of na by averaging ta.tr(true) via manual SMA.
Parameters:
length (simple int) : Number of bars back (length).
Returns: Average true range.
rsi(source, length)
Relative strength index. It is calculated using the ta.rma() of upward and downward changes of source over the last length bars. This adapted version extends ta.rsi to start without delay at first bar and deliver usable data instead of na.
Parameters:
source (float) : Series of values to process.
length (simple int) : Number of bars back (length).
Returns: Relative Strength Index.
Statistics
DataDoodles ATR RangeThe "DataDoodles ATR Range" indicator provides a comprehensive visual representation of the Average True Range (ATR) levels based on the previous bar's close price . It includes both the raw ATR and an Exponential Moving Average (EMA) of the ATR to offer a smoother view of the range volatility. This indicator is ideal for traders who want to quickly assess potential price movements relative to recent volatility.
Key Features:
ATR Levels Above and Below Close: The indicator calculates and displays three levels of ATR-based ranges above and below the previous close price. These levels are visualized on the chart using distinct colors:
- 1ATR Above/Below
- 2ATR Above/Below
- 3ATR Above/Below
EMA of ATR
Includes the EMA of ATR to provide a smoother trend of the ATR values, helping traders identify long-term volatility trends.
Color-Coded Ranges: The plotted ranges are color-coded for easy identification, with warm gradient tones applied to the corresponding data table for quick reference.
Customizable Table: A data table is displayed at the bottom right corner of the chart, providing real-time values for ATR, EMA ATR, and the various ATR ranges.
Usage
This indicator is useful for traders who rely on volatility analysis to set stop losses, take profit levels, or simply understand the current market conditions. By visualizing ATR ranges directly on the chart, traders can better anticipate potential price movements and adjust their strategies accordingly.
Customization
ATR Length: The default ATR length is set to 14 but can be customized to fit your trading strategy.
Table Positioning: The data table is placed in the bottom right corner by default but can be moved as needed.
How to Use
Add the "DataDoodles ATR Range" indicator to your chart.
Observe the plotted lines for potential support and resistance levels based on recent volatility.
Use the data table for quick reference to ATR values and range levels.
Disclaimer: This indicator is a tool for analysis and should be used in conjunction with other indicators and analysis methods. Always practice proper risk management and consider market conditions before making trading decisions.
Z-Score AggregatorOverview:
This indicator is designed to take multiple other indicators as inputs, calculate their respective Z-scores, and then aggregate these Z-scores to provide a comprehensive measure. By transforming the inputs into Z-scores, this indicator standardizes the data, enabling a more accurate comparison across different indicators, each of which may have different scales and distributions.
This indicator is beneficial for Mean-Reversion style trading and investing as it standardizes indicators and lets them work together in one system.
The Z-score, which represents how many standard deviations an element is from the mean, is a crucial statistical tool in this process. It allows the indicator to normalize the varying data points, ensuring that each indicator's contribution to the aggregate score is proportional to its deviation from the average performance.
Inputs:
Z-score length: How far Back it will take into account the inputs
Number Of Sources: This is to set the number of inputs the indicator uses so it calculates them properly and uses only the number of indicators you want.
Source Inputs: 1-10 inputs (no need to use them all as long as you set the number of used indicators beforehand).
Note:
There are three indicators used in this example which are CCI, RSI and Sharpe Ratio. The indicator calculates their individual Z-scores and takes an average. Because Number Of Sources is set to 3 it only uses the first 3 indicators in use.
Cash Cycle BandCash cycle band shows the number of days and the profit margin compared to the previous period (it does not indicate how profitable the company is, but how well it is managed).
Cash cycle band consists of 6 sections:
1. DPO is the days payables outstanding in the "red" followed by O/D which is overdraft or short-term debt (if any) .
2. DIO is the days inventory outstanding in the "green" followed by classified inventory (if any) consists of finished goods. work in process and raw materials.
3. DSO is days sales outstanding in "blue".
4. DWC is days converting working capital to revenue in "orange".
5. CCC is days converting inventory and resources to cash flow in "yellow".
6. GPM is gross profit margin and OPM is operating profit margin.
The "😱" emoji indicates a value if it increases by more than or decreases by less than 20%, e.g.
- DPO, finished goods, work in process, raw materials, GPM, OPM is decreasing.
- O/D, DIO, DSO, DWC, CCC is increasing.
The "🔥" emoji indicates a value if it increases by more than or decreases, e.g.
- DPO, finished goods, work in process, raw materials, GPM, OPM is increasing.
- O/D, DIO, DSO, DWC, CCC is decreasing.
The order of the list depends on the day of each item, the more days more high.
Yield Curve InversionThe Yield Curve Inversion indicator is a tool designed to help traders and analysts visualize and interpret the dynamics between the US 10-year and 2-year Treasury yields. This indicator is particularly useful for identifying yield curve inversions, often seen as a precursor to economic recessions.
Features and Interpretations
Display Modes: Choose between "Spread Mode" to visualize the yield spread indicating normal (green) or inverted (red) curves, or "Both Yields Mode" to view both yields.
Yield Spread: A plotted difference between 10-year and 2-year yields, with a zero line marking inversion. A negative spread suggests potential economic downturns.
Color Coding: Green for a normal yield curve (10Y > 2Y) and red for an inverted curve (2Y > 10Y).
Legend: Provides quick reference to yield curve states for easier interpretation.
This indicator is for educational and informational purposes only. It should not be considered financial advice or a recommendation to buy or sell any financial instruments. Users should conduct their own research and consult with a financial advisor before making investment decisions. The creator of this indicator is not responsible for any financial losses incurred through its use.
SP500 RatiosThe "SP500 Ratios" indicator is a powerful tool developed for the TradingView platform, allowing users to access a variety of financial ratios and inflation-adjusted data related to the S&P 500 index. This indicator integrates with Nasdaq Data Link (formerly known as Quandl) to retrieve historical data, providing a comprehensive overview of key financial metrics associated with the S&P 500.
Key Features
Price to Sales Ratio: Quarterly ratio of price to sales (revenue) for the S&P 500.
Dividend Yield: Monthly dividend yield based on 12-month dividend per share.
Price Earnings Ratio (PE Ratio): Monthly price-to-earnings ratio based on trailing twelve-month reported earnings.
CAPE Ratio (Shiller PE Ratio): Monthly cyclically adjusted PE ratio, based on average inflation-adjusted earnings over the past ten years.
Earnings Yield: Monthly earnings yield, the inverse of the PE ratio.
Price to Book Ratio: Quarterly ratio of price to book value.
Inflation Adjusted S&P 500: Monthly S&P 500 level adjusted for inflation.
Revenue Per Share: Quarterly trailing twelve-month sales per share, not adjusted for inflation.
Earnings Per Share: Monthly real earnings per share, adjusted for inflation.
User Configuration
The indicator offers flexibility through user-configurable options. You can choose to display or hide each metric according to your analysis needs. Users can also adjust the line width for better visibility on the chart.
Visualization
The selected data is plotted on the chart with distinct colors for each metric, facilitating visual analysis. A dynamic legend table is also generated in the top-right corner of the chart, listing the currently displayed metrics with their associated colors.
This indicator is ideal for traders and analysts seeking detailed insights into the financial performance and valuations of the S&P 500, while benefiting from the customization flexibility offered by TradingView.
Mxwll OptAlgoIntroducing the Mxwll OptAlgo
Mxwll OptAlgo is a sophisticated algorithmic trading tool designed to identify potential long and short signals. It leverages an optimized combination of the M-Swift average, M-Smooth average, and M-RSI to fine-tune custom lengths and improve signal accuracy. The Mxwll OptAlgo provides long and short signals across various trading assets and timeframes. Additionally, it features optimized Take Profit (TP) and Stop Loss (SL) settings to help traders manage risk.
Key Features
Step-by-Step Complete Optimization: A systematic approach to optimize trading parameters.
Buy/Sell Signals: Clear indicators for long and short positions.
Easy to Use: User-friendly interface for seamless trading.
Predictive counter trend channels
Integrated trend following system and counter trend trading system
3-optimized strategies working cooperatively
Alerts and auto trading capabilities
How It Works
The Mxwll OptAlgo is comprised of three strategies:
Trend following using the OptAlgo
AI Reversal counter trend trading
Market crash shorting
Mxwll OptAlgo can be used for market analysis and trading similarly to any moving average.
The Mxwll OptAlgo MA is composed of two distinct moving averages to be used for trend following strategies.
M-Swift Average: The M-Swift Average accounts for volume and weights current price movement heavier than older price movement - allowing for improved responsiveness to current price movement. Volume is additionally weighted to the average to determine the significance of the price move and the resulting response of the M-Swift average. The M-Swift average consists of an HVWMA with OBV weighting. The HVWMA is used to create a moving average that adapts to volume, attempting to respond to significant price moves with high volume quicker and significant price moves with low volume slower - which might not be indicative of the start of a strong trend. To further reduce the M-Swift average’s responsiveness to weak volume price moves, the average is weighted with a normalized OBV. With this, the M-Swift moving average uses these two indicators to create a responsive moving average to significant price moves with high volume.
M-Smooth Average: The M-Smooth average consists of a McGinley average.
The McGinley Average is designed to address some of the limitations of traditional moving averages, such as the Simple Moving Average (SMA) or Exponential Moving Average (EMA), by reducing their lag and more accurately reflecting the market's true movements, especially during periods of volatility.
The McGinley Dynamic automatically adjusts its smoothing factor based on market speed. This means it responds more quickly to fast-moving markets and slows down during periods of consolidation, reducing the likelihood of false signals.
Unlike traditional moving averages that have a fixed period and can lag significantly behind fast-moving prices, the McGinley Dynamic adjusts dynamically, which helps to reduce lag and keeps the moving average closer to the price action.
The M-Smooth average uses bar low prices as a series during an uptrend - bar high prices as a series during a downtrend. A cross above the M-Smooth average indicates an uptrend, while a cross below the M-Smooth average indicates a downtrend. When this cross event occurs the M-Smooth average will “flip” from calculating on lows to highs, or highs to lows, contingent on the direction of the trend. The expectation is that a cross event of the M-Smooth average requires a substantial price move and, subsequent to this cross, price will continue to trend in the direction of the cross.
OptAlgo: The OptAlgo is simply the average of the M-Swift average and the M-smooth average.
By combining the M-Swift average and the M-Smooth average, the final output results in an average that slows during ranging markets and quickly adjusts to high volume breakouts and high volume reversals that initiate a trend. Due to the combination, the average will keep up quickly with a trend but remain at an appropriate distance from the current price - requiring a significant counter trend price move to change the direction of the OptAlgo average.
How does the OptAlgo follow trends?
The OptAlgo, comprising the two moving averages above, considers a cross event of the OptAlgo as a change in trend indication. The OptAlgo can be thought of as a moving average that significantly deviates from price. For price to cross the OptAlgo, a substantial price move must occur, and this event is treated as a "strong trend" or "new trend" indication.
M-RSI: The M-RSI is a fundamental component of the trend following strategy. Prior to a trend following “long” or “short” signal, the M-RSI must generate a signal in confluence with an OptAlgo cross event. When price crosses over the opt algo its color will change to green, indicating an uptrend. A buy signal will generate should the M-RSI provide a similar indication. The M-RSI portion of the trend following strategy is explained below. When price crosses under the opt algo its color will change to green, indicating a downtrend, and a sell signal becomes eligible. The foundational logic for using the Opt Algo as a trend following strategy is to treat crossovers/crossunders of the Opt Algo as strong trend indications, and trade them.
Steps to generate a trend following long signal:
1: M-RSI extends into oversold territory
2: Price crosses over the OptAlgo
Steps to generate a trend following short signal:
1: M-RSI extends into overbought territory
2: Price crosses under the OptAlgo
Our trend following strategy considers crossovers/crossunders at key market turning points as buy/sell opportunities. This strategy integrates the Mxwll RSI and Mxwll OptAlgo MA to determine entry points in anticipation of trend continuation.
The Mxwll RSI must move below/above the optimized OB/OS level prior to a cross event for a long/short signal to be considered. Entry points for this strategy are marked as "Long" or "Short".
At its core, the OptAlgo trend following strategy tries to enter a trend as close to the origin point as possible. As with any trend following strategy, price may not continue to move in the expected direction following entry, resulting in a losing trade.
AI Reversal Predictions
Our AI reversals strategy uses AI suggested turning points to capitalize on price reversions back towards the OptAlgo. These levels are considered by the AI on the selected days, and entry points at these levels are marked as "LLO" or "SLO".
How AI reversals work
Our AI reversals strategy attempts to trade price reversions back toward the Opt Algo.
These levels are calculated on specific days of the week, but can be traded any day. The internal algorithm determines which HTF highs/lows are most likely to function as tradable support/resistance levels. For instance, if Friday consists of heavy trading activity and high/low prices are tracked/recorded as causing significant support / resistance when tested in the future, the algorithm will consider support and resistance levels created on Friday as future tradable levels.
Additionally, if support/resistance levels created on Wednesday are recorded as weak or unpredictable when traded at in the future, the algorithm will not consider support/resistance levels generated on Thursday as tradable, and will not generate long or shit signals for these levels.
In the background, the AI reversals strategy is tracking success rates at multiple support and resistance levels. The best performers, if there are any, will be considered tradable. A “best performer” is calculated as the raw price move up to a threshold (i.e. 0.5%) that occurs subsequent to a test of the level.
Crash Short
The "Crash Short" strategy prioritizes short positions during retracements of a sell off. A simple yet effective strategy.
How Crash Short Works
The Crash Short strategy uses a customized momentum indicator (similar to ROC, MOM, etc.) to identify strong downside price moves. When our customized momentum indicator gives strong sell indications, the RSI is then referenced to identify an upside retracement. When the RSI exceeds a user-inputted level, a “Crash Short” signal is generated.
What is the customized momentum indicator?
The customized momentum indicator is the RoCR (Rate of Change Ratio). Instead of classic ROC, which is close - close , the RoCR divides the current close by a previous close. This formula creates a ratio that is more normalized than a simple price difference. This ratio is used to determine upside/downside momentum, with values greater than 1 indicating bullish momentum and values less than 1 indicating bearish momentum. The RoCR looks for deviating values to the downside (less than 1) to identify strong selling. From there, once the RSI crosses over an optimized level (such as 35), the indicator will print a sell signal titled "Crash Short".
Predictive Countertrend Channels
Our Predictive Countertrend Channel applies a two-stage recursive filter to smooth data using exponential decay and periodic adjustments for trend extraction. Our counter trend channels aren't directly used for signal processing; however, these channels provide useful visual cues for extended market moves.
Instructions for Optimization
Step 1: Optimize Mxwll OptAlgo
Begin by optimizing the M-Swift and M-Smooth averages for better signal accuracy.
This step simply finds better performing M-Swift and M-Smooth lookbacks. Again, if the strategy is unprofitable you will be notified and from there decide not to use the strategy.
Step 2: Optimize Mxwll RSI
Refine the Mxwll RSI settings to explore potential adjustments in smoothness and signal output. This step aims to evaluate whether these adjustments could improve the accuracy of the signals generated by Mxwll OptAlgo, while being mindful of any potential impacts.
Step 3: Optimize TP/SL
Consider adjusting the Take Profit and Stop Loss settings to potentially manage risk.
Step 4: Optimize Bars Between Trades
Set the number of bars between trades to regulate the frequency of trade executions. This adjustment may help in reducing the risk of overtrading and support a more disciplined trading strategy.
Step 5: Optimize Trade Flip
Adjust the trade flip parameters to potentially improve the management of transitions between long and short positions. This adjustment is intended to help achieve smoother trade executions, though outcomes may vary.
Step 6: Optimize RSI OB/OB Levels
Consider adjusting the overbought (OB) and oversold (OS) RSI levels to explore potential improvements in signal sensitivity. Careful calibration of these levels may help refine the accuracy of trend reversal signals, although results may depend on market conditions.
Finished!
From this point, consider setting alerts to make the most of the Mxwll Opt Algo's potential accuracy.
The effectiveness of the Opt Algo signal output can be evaluated using the "PF" table, which indicates the profit factor score for the strategy. A profit factor (PF) of less than or equal to 1 suggests that the strategy may not be profitable.
Disclaimer
No strategy works on any timeframe on any asset, so, if the Opt Algo underperforms for the asset/timeframe you're analyzing, the Opt Algo PF table lets you know it hasn't been generating accurate signals, in which case you can decide not to use it!
Optimization Disclaimer
Optimization can be tricky. It's helpful to test numerous strategies in aggregate to see if a strategy has potential. Despite this, optimization can cause overfitting. Overfitting occurs when a strategy is too closely fit to the data it's trading. Overfit backtests are deceptively phenomenal. While the historical performance looks great, the future expectancy of the strategy remains unpredictable - an overfit strategy will profit from periods of random price movement which, being random, are irreproducible and cannot be profited from other than their initial occurrence. When a strategy trades random price movement profitably, any and all profit earned can be reduced to chance. Keep this in mind when using the in-built optimization system. Optimization should be kept to a minimum, a tool to point you in the right direction, whether confirming potential or signifying a useless system.
Advanced Keltner Channel/Oscillator [MyTradingCoder]This indicator combines a traditional Keltner Channel overlay with an oscillator, providing a comprehensive view of price action, trend, and momentum. The core of this indicator is its advanced ATR calculation, which uses statistical methods to provide a more robust measure of volatility.
Starting with the overlay component, the center line is created using a biquad low-pass filter applied to the chosen price source. This provides a smoother representation of price than a simple moving average. The upper and lower channel lines are then calculated using the statistically derived ATR, with an additional set of mid-lines between the center and outer lines. This creates a more nuanced view of price action within the channel.
The color coding of the center line provides an immediate visual cue of the current price momentum. As the price moves up relative to the ATR, the line shifts towards the bullish color, and vice versa for downward moves. This color gradient allows for quick assessment of the current market sentiment.
The oscillator component transforms the channel into a different perspective. It takes the price's position within the channel and maps it to either a normalized -100 to +100 scale or displays it in price units, depending on your settings. This oscillator essentially shows where the current price is in relation to the channel boundaries.
The oscillator includes two key lines: the main oscillator line and a signal line. The main line represents the current position within the channel, smoothed by an exponential moving average (EMA). The signal line is a further smoothed version of the oscillator line. The interaction between these two lines can provide trading signals, similar to how MACD is often used.
When the oscillator line crosses above the signal line, it might indicate bullish momentum, especially if this occurs in the lower half of the oscillator range. Conversely, the oscillator line crossing below the signal line could signal bearish momentum, particularly if it happens in the upper half of the range.
The oscillator's position relative to its own range is also informative. Values near the top of the range (close to 100 if normalized) suggest that price is near the upper Keltner Channel band, indicating potential overbought conditions. Values near the bottom of the range (close to -100 if normalized) suggest proximity to the lower band, potentially indicating oversold conditions.
One of the strengths of this indicator is how the overlay and oscillator work together. For example, if the price is touching the upper band on the overlay, you'd see the oscillator at or near its maximum value. This confluence of signals can provide stronger evidence of overbought conditions. Similarly, the oscillator hitting extremes can draw your attention to price action at the channel boundaries on the overlay.
The mid-lines on both the overlay and oscillator provide additional nuance. On the overlay, price action between the mid-line and outer line might suggest strong but not extreme momentum. On the oscillator, this would correspond to readings in the outer quartiles of the range.
The customizable visual settings allow you to adjust the indicator to your preferences. The glow effects and color coding can make it easier to quickly interpret the current market conditions at a glance.
Overlay Component:
The overlay displays Keltner Channel bands dynamically adapting to market conditions, providing clear visual cues for potential trend reversals, breakouts, and overbought/oversold zones.
The center line is a biquad low-pass filter applied to the chosen price source.
Upper and lower channel lines are calculated using a statistically derived ATR.
Includes mid-lines between the center and outer channel lines.
Color-coded based on price movement relative to the ATR.
Oscillator Component:
The oscillator component complements the overlay, highlighting momentum and potential turning points.
Normalized values make it easy to compare across different assets and timeframes.
Signal line crossovers generate potential buy/sell signals.
Advanced ATR Calculation:
Uses a unique method to compute ATR, incorporating concepts like root mean square (RMS) and z-score clamping.
Provides both an average and mode-based ATR value.
Customizable Visual Settings:
Adjustable colors for bullish and bearish moves, oscillator lines, and channel components.
Options for line width, transparency, and glow effects.
Ability to display overlay, oscillator, or both simultaneously.
Flexible Parameters:
Customizable inputs for channel width multiplier, ATR period, smoothing factors, and oscillator settings.
Adjustable Q factor for the biquad filter.
Key Advantages:
Advanced ATR Calculation: Utilizes a statistical method to generate ATR, ensuring greater responsiveness and accuracy in volatile markets.
Overlay and Oscillator: Provides a comprehensive view of price action, combining trend and momentum analysis.
Customizable: Adjust settings to fine-tune the indicator to your specific needs and trading style.
Visually Appealing: Clear and concise design for easy interpretation.
The ATR (Average True Range) in this indicator is derived using a sophisticated statistical method that differs from the traditional ATR calculation. It begins by calculating the True Range (TR) as the difference between the high and low of each bar. Instead of a simple moving average, it computes the Root Mean Square (RMS) of the TR over the specified period, giving more weight to larger price movements. The indicator then calculates a Z-score by dividing the TR by the RMS, which standardizes the TR relative to recent volatility. This Z-score is clamped to a maximum value (10 in this case) to prevent extreme outliers from skewing the results, and then rounded to a specified number of decimal places (2 in this script).
These rounded Z-scores are collected in an array, keeping track of how many times each value occurs. From this array, two key values are derived: the mode, which is the most frequently occurring Z-score, and the average, which is the weighted average of all Z-scores. These values are then scaled back to price units by multiplying by the RMS.
Now, let's examine how these values are used in the indicator. For the Keltner Channel lines, the mid lines (top and bottom) use the mode of the ATR, representing the most common volatility state. The max lines (top and bottom) use the average of the ATR, incorporating all volatility states, including less common but larger moves. By using the mode for the mid lines and the average for the max lines, the indicator provides a nuanced view of volatility. The mid lines represent the "typical" market state, while the max lines account for less frequent but significant price movements.
For the color coding of the center line, the mode of the ATR is used to normalize the price movement. The script calculates the difference between the current price and the price 'degree' bars ago (default is 2), and then divides this difference by the mode of the ATR. The resulting value is passed through an arctangent function and scaled to a 0-1 range. This scaled value is used to create a color gradient between the bearish and bullish colors.
Using the mode of the ATR for this color coding ensures that the color changes are based on the most typical volatility state of the market. This means that the color will change more quickly in low volatility environments and more slowly in high volatility environments, providing a consistent visual representation of price momentum relative to current market conditions.
Using a good IIR (Infinite Impulse Response) low-pass filter, such as the biquad filter implemented in this indicator, offers significant advantages over simpler moving averages like the EMA (Exponential Moving Average) or other basic moving averages.
At its core, an EMA is indeed a simple, single-pole IIR filter, but it has limitations in terms of its frequency response and phase delay characteristics. The biquad filter, on the other hand, is a two-pole, two-zero filter that provides superior control over the frequency response curve. This allows for a much sharper cutoff between the passband and stopband, meaning it can more effectively separate the signal (in this case, the underlying price trend) from the noise (short-term price fluctuations).
The improved frequency response of a well-designed biquad filter means it can achieve a better balance between smoothness and responsiveness. While an EMA might need a longer period to sufficiently smooth out price noise, potentially leading to more lag, a biquad filter can achieve similar or better smoothing with less lag. This is crucial in financial markets where timely information is vital for making trading decisions.
Moreover, the biquad filter allows for independent control of the cutoff frequency and the Q factor. The Q factor, in particular, is a powerful parameter that affects the filter's resonance at the cutoff frequency. By adjusting the Q factor, users can fine-tune the filter's behavior to suit different market conditions or trading styles. This level of control is simply not available with basic moving averages.
Another advantage of the biquad filter is its superior phase response. In the context of financial data, this translates to more consistent lag across different frequency components of the price action. This can lead to more reliable signals, especially when it comes to identifying trend changes or price reversals.
The computational efficiency of biquad filters is also worth noting. Despite their more complex mathematical foundation, biquad filters can be implemented very efficiently, often requiring only a few operations per sample. This makes them suitable for real-time applications and high-frequency trading scenarios.
Furthermore, the use of a more sophisticated filter like the biquad can help in reducing false signals. The improved noise rejection capabilities mean that minor price fluctuations are less likely to cause unnecessary crossovers or indicator movements, potentially leading to fewer false breakouts or reversal signals.
In the specific context of a Keltner Channel, using a biquad filter for the center line can provide a more stable and reliable basis for the entire indicator. It can help in better defining the overall trend, which is crucial since the Keltner Channel is often used for trend-following strategies. The smoother, yet more responsive center line can lead to more accurate channel boundaries, potentially improving the reliability of overbought/oversold signals and breakout indications.
In conclusion, this advanced Keltner Channel indicator represents a significant evolution in technical analysis tools, combining the power of traditional Keltner Channels with modern statistical methods and signal processing techniques. By integrating a sophisticated ATR calculation, a biquad low-pass filter, and a complementary oscillator component, this indicator offers traders a comprehensive and nuanced view of market dynamics.
The indicator's strength lies in its ability to adapt to varying market conditions, providing clear visual cues for trend identification, momentum assessment, and potential reversal points. The use of statistically derived ATR values for channel construction and the implementation of a biquad filter for the center line result in a more responsive and accurate representation of price action compared to traditional methods.
Furthermore, the dual nature of this indicator – functioning as both an overlay and an oscillator – allows traders to simultaneously analyze price trends and momentum from different perspectives. This multifaceted approach can lead to more informed decision-making and potentially more reliable trading signals.
The high degree of customization available in the indicator's settings enables traders to fine-tune its performance to suit their specific trading styles and market preferences. From adjustable visual elements to flexible parameter inputs, users can optimize the indicator for various trading scenarios and time frames.
Ultimately, while no indicator can predict market movements with certainty, this advanced Keltner Channel provides traders with a powerful tool for market analysis. By offering a more sophisticated approach to measuring volatility, trend, and momentum, it equips traders with valuable insights to navigate the complex world of financial markets. As with any trading tool, it should be used in conjunction with other forms of analysis and within a well-defined risk management framework to maximize its potential benefits.
Arjo FVG Filtering With Alerts [neo.|]Fair Value Gaps (Also known as FVGs or Imbalances) can be simply described as a three candle pattern, where the second candle's body isn't completely covered by the wicks or body of the second and third candle. These areas represent movements in the market where either buyers or sellers were not able to get involved due to price in the form of wicks not revisiting those levels, and instead moving away from them.
As a result, they can be seen as potential areas of continuation given that price may want to continue in it's direction after it revisits them and offers Fair Value, since previously it made sharp moves away from those areas.
However what is important to note, and what FVG Filtering aims to address, is that there are three notable types of FVGs as described by Arjo, which are Perfect FVGs denoted as FVGp on the indicator and chart below, Expansion (FVGe), and Reversal (FVGr). As the names imply, they each serve different purposes with the FVGp being the likeliest to hold on mitigation, expansion meaning price is likely to not retrace into the FVG and reversal being the least likely for the FVG to hold.
The indicator is the first that automatically determines which one of the three underlying FVG types any particular FVG is, that way you can quickly make informed decisions based on the type of FVG you see appear on the chart.
As you may notice, the type depends primarily on the third candle, which demonstrates the true strength of any particular FVG, and is how the filtering occurs on this indicator, which compares the sizes of the second and third candle's bodies, in order to classify the FVG candle sequence as one of the three aforementioned types.
Color Options:
FVG Colors: Change the color of any bullish or bearish FVG type to easily distinguish between them.
Mitigated FVG Color: Apply colors to mitigated FVGs in order to avoid using ones that are no longer valid.
Text Color: Change the color of the text within the FVG to your liking.
Further styling options:
How many FVGs you want to be displayed: Changes the amount of FVGs displayed on your chart by limiting each type of FVG to the number you select.
How far you want the FVGs to extend: Modify the amount of bars forward that the FVG stretches out after it's inception.
Table options:
Show table: Display a table that will give you insights on how many FVGs were created of each type and what % they represent of the total.
Table text color: Modify the color of the text within the table.
Table border color: Modify the color of the border of the table.
Alerts:
Freely set alerts for any type of FVG you would like to see.
Indian Markets Dashboard The Mobile Dashboard indicator provides a compact and customizable table on your TradingView chart, summarizing key data for up to six selected financial instruments. It displays the close price, previous day high (PDH), previous day low (PDL), and SuperTrend direction (Bull/Bear). The table's position, size, and transparency can be adjusted to suit your preferences, making it a convenient tool for quickly monitoring multiple assets on the go. Ideal for traders who need a clear and concise overview of market conditions directly on their chart.
- TraderVK
Vmoon Trend TableVmoon Trend Table Indicator
The **Vmoon Trend Table Indicator** is a powerful tool designed for traders who want to track trends across multiple timeframes and identify key pivot points that signal trend changes. This indicator provides a visual representation of trends in different timeframes through a convenient table, which can be positioned either at the top or bottom of the chart. It is particularly useful for those who prefer trading with the trend and need to monitor higher timeframes for stronger signals.
#### Key Features:
1. **Multi-Timeframe Trend Detection**:
- The indicator analyzes up to four different timeframes simultaneously, allowing traders to observe trends from shorter to longer timeframes.
- The user can select which timeframes to monitor, making it adaptable to various trading strategies.
2. **Pivot Point Analysis**:
- The Vmoon Trend Table identifies trends based on pivot points, which are defined by higher highs and higher lows for uptrends, and lower highs and lower lows for downtrends.
- Users can customize the lookback period to define these pivot points, offering control over the sensitivity of trend detection.
- A choice between using the high/low or close price for pivot calculations is available, allowing further customization.
3. **Visual Representation**:
- The indicator provides a table showing the current trend direction (uptrend or downtrend) for each selected timeframe.
- Trends are visually indicated by up or down arrows, colored appropriately to represent bullish or bearish trends.
- The table can be positioned at the top or bottom of the chart, based on user preference.
4. **Support and Resistance Levels**:
- The indicator can display support and resistance lines based on the most recent swing high/low points for each timeframe.
- These lines help traders visualize critical levels where trends might change, enabling better decision-making.
5. **Historical Pivot Points**:
- Users can toggle the visibility of historical pivot points on the chart, aiding in the evaluation of trend consistency and the placement of these points.
6. **Optimized Performance**:
- The script is optimized to reduce the number of security calls, ensuring it runs efficiently even when tracking multiple timeframes.
- Revisions have focused on improving speed and allowing users to reposition the information table according to their needs.
#### How to Use:
1. **Set Timeframes**: Choose the timeframes that you want to monitor for trends. The indicator supports up to four different timeframes.
2. **Define Pivot Points**: Adjust the lookback period to define how pivot points (highs/lows) are calculated. Select whether to use high/low or close prices for this calculation.
3. **Monitor the Trend Table**: Observe the trend direction indicated in the table. Use this information to confirm the overall trend before making trading decisions.
4. **Watch Support/Resistance Levels**: If enabled, use the support and resistance levels drawn from higher timeframe pivots to anticipate potential trend reversals.
5. **Fine-Tune Settings**: Customize the indicator's display, such as repositioning the trend table, adjusting line widths, or changing colors, to fit your trading style.
Qty CalculatorThis Pine Script indicator, titled "Qty Calculator," is a customizable tool designed to assist traders in managing their trades by calculating key metrics related to risk management. It takes into account your total capital, entry price, stop-loss level, and desired risk percentage to provide a comprehensive overview of potential trade outcomes.
Key Features:
User Inputs:
Total Capital: The total amount of money available for trading.
Entry Price: The price at which the trader enters the trade.
Stop Loss: The price level at which the trade will automatically close to prevent further losses.
Risk Percentage: The percentage of the total capital that the trader is willing to risk on a single trade.
Customizable Table:
Position: The indicator allows you to choose the position of the table on the chart, with options including top-left, top-center, top-right, bottom-left, bottom-center, and bottom-right.
Size: You can adjust the number of rows and columns in the table to fit your needs.
Risk Management Calculations:
Difference Calculation: The difference between the entry price and the stop-loss level.
Risk Per Trade: Calculated as a percentage of your total capital.
Risk Levels: The indicator evaluates multiple risk levels (0.10%, 0.25%, 0.50%, 1.00%) and calculates the quantity, capital per trade, percentage of total capital, and the risk amount associated with each level.
R-Multiples Calculation:
The indicator calculates potential profit levels at 2x, 3x, 4x, and 5x the risk (R-Multiples), showing the potential gains if the trade moves in your favor by these multiples.
Table Display:
The table includes the following columns:
CapRisk%: Displays the risk percentage.
Qty: The quantity of the asset you should trade.
Cap/Trade: The capital allocated per trade.
%OfCapital: The percentage of total capital used in the trade.
Risk Amount: The monetary risk taken on each trade.
R Gains: Displays potential gains at different R-Multiples.
This indicator is particularly useful for traders who prioritize risk management and want to ensure that their trades are aligned with their capital and risk tolerance. By providing a clear and customizable table of critical metrics, it helps traders make informed decisions and better manage their trading strategies.
Thrax - QuickStrike 5-Mins Scalping** Indicator Description **
1. Price Change Threshold (%) – The minimum price change required for a candle to be recognized as significant. Candles exceeding this threshold are considered potential candidates for zone creation. Default value for 5 min is 0.5%. As you move on higher timeframe the threshold should increase
2. Percentage Change for Zones (%) – The amount of price movement needed to form a dynamic support or resistance zone. Tweak this to control how sensitive the indicator is to price fluctuations. 5 min default value is 1%. For 15 min suggested is 2-3%.
3. Break Threshold for Zones (%) – Defines how much price must break above or below a zone for it to be removed from the chart/mitigated. Keeps the chart clean by removing invalidated zones. Default value is 0.1% in 5 min, for 15 min it is 0.5%.
4. Buy Zone Retracement Level (%) – The percentage retracement level for defining the inner buy zone within a broader bullish zone. Ideal for timing precision entries. Ideal value is 75%
5. Sell Zone Retracement Level (%) – The percentage retracement level used to determine the inner sell zone within a larger bearish zone. Helps in identifying potential reversal areas or exits. Ideal value is 25%
By tailoring these inputs, traders can fully customize the indicator to suit their scalping strategies, enhancing their ability to navigate fast-moving markets with confidence.
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There are two primary approaches for scalping using this indicator:
1. Candle-Based Scalping:
a. Bullish Signal: When you observe a bullish candle highlighted in blue (by default), you can consider entering a long position at the close of this candle. It’s advisable to wait for the candle to close before taking action. For a more aggressive scalp, you might take profits based on your scalp target after a few subsequent candles. If the price remains stagnant or moves unfavorably in the next few candles, you can exit with a small loss. Alternatively, if you have a higher risk tolerance, you may hold the position even if the price initially declines within a set percentage.
b. Bearish Signal: For a bearish candle highlighted in yellow, you can enter a short trade at the close of the candle. Similar to the bullish setup, you have the option to exit after a few candles if the price doesn’t move as expected or hold the position with a higher risk tolerance if the price goes up initially.
2. Zone-Based Scalping:
Entering Zones: Monitor the price as it enters a defined support or resistance zone. If you are open to higher risk, you can enter a trade immediately upon the price entering the zone. For a more cautious approach with a smaller stop loss, wait for the price to reach a retracement level within the zone before initiating your trade. This approach allows for a more precise entry but may result in missing out on trades if the price reverses before hitting the retracement level. Conversely, entering at the zone’s boundary offers the potential for early trade capture but comes with a higher stop loss risk.
Adjust these strategies based on your risk tolerance and trading preferences to optimize your scalping opportunities.
AutocorrelationWhat is Autocorrelation?
Autocorrelation is a mathematical concept used to measure the degree of similarity between a given time series and a lagged version of itself over successive time intervals. Mathematically, it is the correlation of a signal with a delayed copy of itself as a function of delay. In simpler terms, autocorrelation helps us understand whether and how past values in a time series are related to future values.
Autocorrelation in Finance:
In finance, the autocorrelation is a tool used to analyze the behavior of time series data, such as asset prices or returns. It can reveal "patterns", trends, or cycles within the data.
Price Autocorrelation: When applied to prices, autocorrelations can indicate whether an asset price tends to follow a trend. On price you will typically observe positive autocorrelation because price often exhibits a momentum effect where today's price is positively correlated with past prices. As a result, when prices are trending, they tend to continue in the same direction, creating a positive autocorrelation.
Returns Autocorrelation: Returns on the other hand, generally show less autocorrelation than prices. This is because returns represent the change in prices over time, and in efficient markets, returns are often modeled as a random walk, leading to low or no significant autocorrelation. However, under certain market conditions, you may observe positive or negative autocorrelation in returns. Positive Autocorrelation of returns indicates a trend effect, where past returns can predict future returns. Negative Returns Autocorrelation suggest mean reversion, where large positive returns are often followed by negative returns and vice versa.
Critical Value Analysis:
This indicator comes with critical values based on user-selected confidence levels (90%,95%,99%). It assesses whether the autocorrelation at a particular lag is statistically significant, which is crucial for distinguishing between random noise and meaningful events.
Trading Based on Autocorrelation:
While this indicator was not really developed to be directly used for trading, this indicator is was instead to raise awareness on why you should avoid strategies involving mean reversion on price.
Relationship Exchange Rate and Inflation in UruguayThis Pine Script indicator, titled "Relationship Between Exchange Rate and Monthly Inflation in Uruguay," is designed to analyze the interaction between the exchange rate of the Uruguayan Peso (UYU) against the US Dollar (USD) and the monthly inflation rate in Uruguay.
Data Retrieval:
The script fetches the monthly exchange rate data for UYU/USD.
It also retrieves the Consumer Price Index (CPI) data for Uruguay.
Monthly Inflation Calculation:
The script calculates the monthly inflation rate using the CPI data by determining the percentage change from the previous month.
Formula Calculation:
A specific formula is calculated by dividing the inverse of the exchange rate by the monthly inflation rate.
Conditional Coloring:
The resulting value is plotted on the chart with a conditional color: green if the exchange rate is greater than the inflation rate, otherwise red.
This indicator provides a visual representation of how the exchange rate compares to the inflation rate, helping traders and analysts understand the economic dynamics between currency value and inflation in Uruguay.
Trade ScoreboardManually track your trade record and display your results in a handy table. Good for backtesting and for making a manual ritual out of tracking your trades. This way you are less likely to overtrade during your session. This can also nice as an addendum to your charts, to show off your results and record them for later review.
S&P 2024: Magnificent 7 vs. the rest of S&PThis chart is designed to calculate and display the percentage change of the Magnificent 7 (M7) stocks and the S&P 500 excluding the M7 (Ex-M7) from the beginning of 2024 to the most recent data point. The Magnificent 7 consists of seven major technology stocks: Apple (AAPL), Microsoft (MSFT), Amazon (AMZN), Alphabet (GOOGL), Meta (META), Nvidia (NVDA), and Tesla (TSLA). These stocks are a significant part of the S&P 500 and can have a substantial impact on its overall performance.
Key Components and Functionality:
1. Start of 2024 Baseline:
- The script identifies the closing prices of the S&P 500 and each of the Magnificent 7 stocks on the first trading day of 2024. These values serve as the baseline for calculating percentage changes.
2. Current Value Calculation:
- It then fetches the most recent closing prices of these stocks and the S&P 500 index to calculate their current values.
3. Percentage Change Calculation:
- The script calculates the percentage change for the M7 by comparing the sum of the current prices of the M7 stocks to their combined value at the start of 2024.
- Similarly, it calculates the percentage change for the Ex-M7 by comparing the current value of the S&P 500 excluding the M7 to its value at the start of 2024.
4. Plotting:
- The calculated percentage changes are plotted on the chart, with the M7’s percentage change shown in red and the Ex-M7’s percentage change shown in blue.
Use Case:
This indicator is particularly useful for investors and analysts who want to understand how much the performance of the S&P 500 in 2024 is driven by the Magnificent 7 stocks compared to the rest of the index. By showing the percentage change from the start of the year, it provides clear insights into the relative growth or decline of these two segments of the market over the course of the year.
Visualization:
- Red Line (M7 % Change): Displays the percentage change of the combined value of the Magnificent 7 stocks since the start of 2024.
- Blue Line (Ex-M7 % Change): Displays the percentage change of the S&P 500 excluding the Magnificent 7 since the start of 2024.
This script enables a straightforward comparison of the performance of the M7 and Ex-M7, highlighting which segment is contributing more to the overall movement of the S&P 500 in 2024.
3-Criteria StrategyThe "3-Criteria Strategy" is a simple yet effective trading strategy based on three criteria:
200-Day Moving Average: The first criterion checks whether the current price is above or below the 200-day moving average (SMA). A price above the 200-day line is considered bullish (thumbs up), while a price below is considered bearish (thumbs down).
5-Day Indicator: The second criterion evaluates the performance of the first five trading days of the year. If the closing price on the fifth trading day is higher than the closing price on the last trading day of the previous year, this is considered bullish (thumbs up). Otherwise, it's bearish (thumbs down).
Year-to-Date (YTD) Effect: The third criterion compares the current price with the closing price at the end of the previous year. A current price above the year-end price is bullish (thumbs up), while a price below is bearish (thumbs down).
Signal Interpretation:
Buy Signal: At least two of the three criteria must give a bullish signal (thumbs up).
Sell Signal: Zero or one bullish signal results in a bearish outlook.
The script provides visual cues with background colors:
Green background: Indicates a buy signal.
Red background: Indicates a sell signal.
Additionally, the script plots the 200-day moving average and the YTD line on the chart for better visualization.
Usage:
Apply the Script: Add the script to your TradingView chart.
Interpret Signals: Monitor the background color and the status label to determine trading actions.
Visual Aids: Use the 200-day line and YTD line plotted on the chart to confirm the criteria visually.
Scientific Research
The concepts used in this script—like the 200-day moving average and Year-to-Date effects—are well-documented in financial literature. However, the combination of these specific criteria as a trading strategy is more of a heuristic approach commonly used by traders rather than a subject of extensive academic research.
200-Day Moving Average: The 200-day moving average is widely regarded as a significant level in technical analysis, often serving as a demarcation between long-term bullish and bearish trends. Research has shown that long-term moving averages can be useful for trend-following strategies.
Reference: Brock, W., Lakonishok, J., & LeBaron, B. (1992). Simple Technical Trading Rules and the Stochastic Properties of Stock Returns. Journal of Finance, 47(5), 1731-1764.
Year-to-Date and Calendar Effects: The Year-to-Date effect and early-year performance (such as the January effect) have been studied extensively in the context of seasonal market anomalies.
Reference: Rozeff, M. S., & Kinney, W. R. (1976). Capital Market Seasonality: The Case of Stock Returns. Journal of Financial Economics, 3(4), 379-402.
While these papers don't address the exact combination of criteria used in your strategy, they provide a solid foundation for understanding the underlying concepts.
RSI Strategy with Adjustable RSI and Stop-LossThis trading strategy uses the Relative Strength Index (RSI) and a Stop-Loss mechanism to make trading decisions. Here’s a breakdown of how it works:
RSI Calculation:
The RSI is calculated based on the user-defined length (rsi_length). This is a momentum oscillator that measures the speed and change of price movements.
Buy Condition:
The strategy generates a buy signal when the RSI value is below a user-defined threshold (rsi_threshold). This condition indicates that the asset might be oversold and potentially due for a rebound.
Stop-Loss Mechanism:
Upon triggering a buy signal, the strategy calculates the Stop-Loss level. The Stop-Loss level is set to a percentage below the entry price, as specified by the user (stop_loss_percent). This level is used to limit potential losses if the price moves against the trade.
Sell Condition:
A sell signal is generated when the current closing price is higher than the highest high of the previous day. This condition suggests that the price has reached a new high, and the strategy decides to exit the trade.
Plotting:
The RSI values are plotted on the chart for visual reference. A horizontal line is drawn at the RSI threshold level to help visualize the oversold condition.
Summary
Buying Strategy: When RSI is below the specified threshold, indicating potential oversold conditions.
Stop-Loss: Set based on a percentage of the entry price to limit potential losses.
Selling Strategy: When the price surpasses the highest high of the previous day, signaling a potential exit point.
This strategy aims to capture potential rebounds from oversold conditions and manage risk using a Stop-Loss mechanism. As with any trading strategy, it’s essential to test and optimize it under various market conditions to ensure its effectiveness.
Cumulative Gain/Loss Histogram This TradingView Pine Script indicator combines several analytical tools to assist traders in making informed investment decisions. It calculates and visualizes cumulative gain/loss percentage, standard deviation levels, and normalizes trading volume on a reversed scale.
Components:
Basis for Calculation:
Users can select the basis data for the calculations: Price, VIX (Volatility Index), VVIX (Volatility of Volatility Index), or MOVE (Volatility Index for Treasury Securities).
Cumulative Gain/Loss:
This is computed based on the selected basis. The script tracks the cumulative percentage change in the selected basis data. Positive changes are aggregated to track gains, while negative changes accumulate to track losses.
Standard Deviation Levels:
The script calculates standard deviation (StdDev) for the cumulative gain/loss data over a specified period. Two levels are determined:
Positive StdDev Level: Shows the upper threshold for gains.
Negative StdDev Level: Shows the lower threshold for losses.
These levels are useful for identifying extreme deviations in the data.
Normalized Volume:
The trading volume is normalized to fit within a -5 to 5 scale, but the scale is reversed. Higher trading volumes will be represented by lower values on this scale. This normalized volume is plotted as a gray line on the chart.
How to Use This Indicator:
Identify Trends and Extremes:
Cumulative Gain/Loss: Look for periods where the cumulative gain/loss exceeds the standard deviation levels. This can indicate significant trend changes or potential reversals. Standard Deviation Levels: Use these levels to gauge whether the market is experiencing extreme conditions. For example, if the cumulative gain/loss crosses above the positive StdDev level, it might suggest an overbought condition.
Volume Analysis:
Normalized Volume: Analyze the volume trends with the reversed scale. Higher normalized volume values (which are lower on the -5 to 5 scale) could indicate high trading activity or market interest, potentially signaling a strong move or trend. Conversely, lower normalized volume values (which are higher on the -5 to 5 scale) may suggest lower trading activity or consolidation.
Decision-Making:
Combine the insights from cumulative gain/loss and standard deviation levels with volume analysis to make more informed trading decisions.
Buy Signal: Consider entering a position when the cumulative gain/loss reaches or exceeds the negative StdDev level and volume analysis supports increased market activity.
Sell Signal: Consider exiting a position when the cumulative gain/loss exceeds the positive StdDev level, indicating possible overbought conditions, especially if volume trends also align with the potential reversal.
Summary:
This script is designed to help traders understand market dynamics through cumulative gain/loss trends, standard deviation thresholds, and volume analysis. By interpreting these elements together, traders can identify potential trading opportunities and make more informed decisions based on market conditions and trends.
Correlation Clusters [LuxAlgo]The Correlation Clusters is a machine learning tool that allows traders to group sets of tickers with a similar correlation coefficient to a user-set reference ticker.
The tool calculates the correlation coefficients between 10 user-set tickers and a user-set reference ticker, with the possibility of forming up to 10 clusters.
🔶 USAGE
Applying clustering methods to correlation analysis allows traders to quickly identify which set of tickers are correlated with a reference ticker, rather than having to look at them one by one or using a more tedious approach such as correlation matrices.
Tickers belonging to a cluster may also be more likely to have a higher mutual correlation. The image above shows the detailed parts of the Correlation Clusters tool.
The correlation coefficient between two assets allows traders to see how these assets behave in relation to each other. It can take values between +1.0 and -1.0 with the following meaning
Value near +1.0: Both assets behave in a similar way, moving up or down at the same time
Value close to 0.0: No correlation, both assets behave independently
Value near -1.0: Both assets have opposite behavior when one moves up the other moves down, and vice versa
There is a wide range of trading strategies that make use of correlation coefficients between assets, some examples are:
Pair Trading: Traders may wish to take advantage of divergences in the price movements of highly positively correlated assets; even highly positively correlated assets do not always move in the same direction; when assets with a correlation close to +1.0 diverge in their behavior, traders may see this as an opportunity to buy one and sell the other in the expectation that the assets will return to the likely same price behavior.
Sector rotation: Traders may want to favor some sectors that are expected to perform in the next cycle, tracking the correlation between different sectors and between the sector and the overall market.
Diversification: Traders can aim to have a diversified portfolio of uncorrelated assets. From a risk management perspective, it is useful to know the correlation between the assets in your portfolio, if you hold equal positions in positively correlated assets, your risk is tilted in the same direction, so if the assets move against you, your risk is doubled. You can avoid this increased risk by choosing uncorrelated assets so that they move independently.
Hedging: Traders may want to hedge positions with correlated assets, from a hedging perspective, if you are long an asset, you can hedge going long a negatively correlated asset or going short a positively correlated asset.
Grouping different assets with similar behavior can be very helpful to traders to avoid over-exposure to those assets, traders may have multiple long positions on different assets as a way of minimizing overall risk when in reality if those assets are part of the same cluster traders are maximizing their risk by taking positions on assets with the same behavior.
As a rule of thumb, a trader can minimize risk via diversification by taking positions on assets with no correlations, the proposed tool can effectively show a set of uncorrelated candidates from the reference ticker if one or more clusters centroids are located near 0.
🔶 DETAILS
K-means clustering is a popular machine-learning algorithm that finds observations in a data set that are similar to each other and places them in a group.
The process starts by randomly assigning each data point to an initial group and calculating the centroid for each. A centroid is the center of the group. K-means clustering forms the groups in such a way that the variances between the data points and the centroid of the cluster are minimized.
It's an unsupervised method because it starts without labels and then forms and labels groups itself.
🔹 Execution Window
In the image above we can see how different execution windows provide different correlation coefficients, informing traders of the different behavior of the same assets over different time periods.
Users can filter the data used to calculate correlations by number of bars, by time, or not at all, using all available data. For example, if the chart timeframe is 15m, traders may want to know how different assets behave over the last 7 days (one week), or for an hourly chart set an execution window of one month, or one year for a daily chart. The default setting is to use data from the last 50 bars.
🔹 Clusters
On this graph, we can see different clusters for the same data. The clusters are identified by different colors and the dotted lines show the centroids of each cluster.
Traders can select up to 10 clusters, however, do note that selecting 10 clusters can lead to only 4 or 5 returned clusters, this is caused by the machine learning algorithm not detecting any more data points deviating from already detected clusters.
Traders can fine-tune the algorithm by changing the 'Cluster Threshold' and 'Max Iterations' settings, but if you are not familiar with them we advise you not to change these settings, the defaults can work fine for the application of this tool.
🔹 Correlations
Different correlations mean different behaviors respecting the same asset, as we can see in the chart above.
All correlations are found against the same asset, traders can use the chart ticker or manually set one of their choices from the settings panel. Then they can select the 10 tickers to be used to find the correlation coefficients, which can be useful to analyze how different types of assets behave against the same asset.
🔶 SETTINGS
Execution Window Mode: Choose how the tool collects data, filter data by number of bars, time, or no filtering at all, using all available data.
Execute on Last X Bars: Number of bars for data collection when the 'Bars' execution window mode is active.
Execute on Last: Time window for data collection when the `Time` execution window mode is active. These are full periods, so `Day` means the last 24 hours, `Week` means the last 7 days, and so on.
🔹 Clusters
Number of Clusters: Number of clusters to detect up to 10. Only clusters with data points are displayed.
Cluster Threshold: Number used to compare a new centroid within the same cluster. The lower the number, the more accurate the centroid will be.
Max Iterations: Maximum number of calculations to detect a cluster. A high value may lead to a timeout runtime error (loop takes too long).
🔹 Ticker of Reference
Use Chart Ticker as Reference: Enable/disable the use of the current chart ticker to get the correlation against all other tickers selected by the user.
Custom Ticker: Custom ticker to get the correlation against all the other tickers selected by the user.
🔹 Correlation Tickers
Select the 10 tickers for which you wish to obtain the correlation against the reference ticker.
🔹 Style
Text Size: Select the size of the text to be displayed.
Display Size: Select the size of the correlation chart to be displayed, up to 500 bars.
Box Height: Select the height of the boxes to be displayed. A high height will cause overlapping if the boxes are close together.
Clusters Colors: Choose a custom colour for each cluster.
Navid-Time SeperatorTitle: Pine Script Guide: Creating 15 Customizable Vertical Lines with Labels
In this guide, we'll walk through how to create a TradingView script using Pine Script that draws 15 customizable vertical lines on your chart. Each line can be configured with specific time, color, width, style, and label options, making it a powerful tool for highlighting important moments during a trading session.
Key Features:
15 Customizable Vertical Lines: Each line is independently configurable, allowing for unique settings.
Time-Based Line Placement: Lines are drawn based on the user-defined time, making them applicable across different trading sessions without needing to specify dates.
Customizable Labels: Each line has an optional label that displays the time by default, but users can modify the text, color, background color, position, and font size of the label.
User-Friendly Inputs: The script uses Pine Script’s input functions, making it easy to adjust the parameters directly from the TradingView interface.
How It Works:
The script uses a loop structure to check the time of each bar on the chart. When a bar matches the user-defined time, a vertical line is drawn from the top to the bottom of the chart. A label is then placed on the line, displaying the time or custom text as defined by the user.
Code Overview:
The script is divided into 15 sections, one for each line. Each section contains input fields where users can specify the time, color, width, style, label text, label color, label background color, label position, and label font size.
This script is ideal for traders who need to mark key times during the trading day, such as market open/close, significant economic events, or custom-defined moments.
Conclusion:
This Pine Script provides a versatile tool for traders who want to enhance their chart analysis with precise, customizable markers. Whether you're tracking market opens or key price levels, this script helps keep your chart organized and informative.
Reward Ratio ValidatorThis PineScript code creates an indicator called "Reward Ratio Validator" that helps traders evaluate potential trade setups based on pivot points, standard deviation, and risk/reward ratios. Here's a breakdown of what the code does:
1. Input parameters:
- Pivot: Number of bars for pivot calculation
- STDEV Length: Number of bars for standard deviation calculation
- Risk / Reward: The desired risk-to-reward ratio
- STDEV Multiplier: Multiplier for the standard deviation
- On : Short | Off : Long: A toggle to switch between short and long trade analysis
2. Pivot point calculation:
- The code calculates pivot highs and lows using the specified pivot length
- It stores the last pivot high and low in an array
3. Standard deviation calculation:
- Calculates the standard deviation of closing prices over the specified length
4. Risk/Reward deviation calculation:
- For long trades (when show is false):
Calculates the price level where the reward would be 'rvr' times the risk, based on the last pivot low
- For short trades (when show is true):
Calculates the price level where the reward would be 'rvr' times the risk, based on the last pivot high
5. Plotting:
- Plots the calculated risk/reward levels for both long and short trades
- Plots the multiplied standard deviation
6. Visual representation:
- Fills the area between the risk/reward levels and the standard deviation plot
- Uses color coding to indicate whether the current price movement exceeds the standard deviation threshold:
- Green: The move is within the standard deviation threshold
- Red: The move exceeds the standard deviation threshold
This indicator helps traders visually assess whether a potential trade setup offers the desired risk/reward ratio while considering the recent price volatility (represented by the standard deviation). It can be used to identify possible entry points for both long and short trades that meet specific risk/reward criteria.
